Strategic Management †An Essential Tool

Strategic Management – An Essential Tool Free Online Research Papers Strategic Management is an essential tool employed by the senior management or leadership of a firm. It is an ongoing and complex process and hence, a dynamic one, where a firm’s management and leadership should be prepared to constantly adapt to competition and markets, reorganizing and retooling their organizations over time to meet set goals and objectives. Strategic Management is critical to ensuring any firm’s long term survival. It would analyze and evaluate the present and intended status of an organization; formulating varying strategies at differing organizational levels to meet those survival needs. This essay would highlight the various key areas and concepts, which comprise Strategic Management, defining what it is and how it can be used by an organization to ensure its future success. Strategic Management Strategy can be understood to be a science and an art, whereby one would attempt to execute well prepared and calculated plans, in an effort to accomplish given executive goals. This may be done through the use of various tactics, procedures, plans, decisions and measures. In addition, these strategies would serve to provide the organization with a desired competitive advantage. Management, on the other hand, may be defined as the process of effectively achieving organizational goals through Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. Combining these two components together, one understands Strategic Management to mean, an ongoing and complex process of formulating an organization’s mid to long term goals and implementing the necessary strategies through management in order to realize them. Simply put, it’s the charting and directing of the future for an organization, ensuring its longevity and profitability within the aggressive business environment. Strategic Management would also been seen as the process of Crafting, Implementing and Execution of an organization’s strategies. This process would comprise five simple stages: The Development of a Vision and Mission. The Setting of Goals and Objectives. The Crafting Of Strategies. The Implementation and Execution of Planned Strategies. The Evaluation of Implemented Strategies. Vision and Mission Development Development of a Mission should be important to any organization. Mission statements would define an organization’s key values, beliefs, identity and purpose. It would reflect upon and answer such questions as what business do we want to be in, what customer needs are to be satisfied and what capabilities are to be developed. The Vision for an organization is a description of its desired future and operational state. The Vision would take into consideration future opportunities and changing conditions, essentially becoming a roadmap by which strategic decisions are crafted. For example, Eastman Kodak’s Vision is, â€Å"To become the world’s best in chemical and electronic imaging†; and Avis Rent-a-car’s Mission, â€Å"Our Business is renting cars. Our mission is total customer satisfaction.† Setting Goals Objectives The setting of Goals and Objectives transform the Mission and Vision into performance targets and serve to ensure commitment to the desired results. This in turn, can be used to create benchmarks by which the monitoring and tracking of performance and progress can be conducted. These goals should be quantifiable in nature. In defining goals and objectives, the following Criteria should be considered; Specific – where they are clearly and precisely expressed. Measurable – where tangible and assessable outcomes are produced. Agreed Upon – where those responsible for achieving the goals, have. Realistic – where they should be attainable. Timely – where they possess definitive start and completion dates. Crafting Strategy There are several questions which management should ask, necessary for the crafting of strategies. These questions include, how are we to succeed in the future? Are we going to delve into new and diversified markets? How are we to achieve a greater market share? And what values are we to build and develop upon. The strategies crafted at this point would guide the organizations on how these questions are to be answered, and as such, how the Mission and Vision are to be accomplished and pursued. There are essentially many types of Strategy, though only two will be highlighted. Firstly, a Planned Strategy, where management would prepare prospective game plans. Those plans chart the way forward, and the execution of actions necessary for constructing and maintaining a competitive advantage, ultimately attaining the successful business position. However, with time this Planned Strategy must react and respond to emerging business opportunities and conditions, therefore management would add new strategies and remove old ones. This is an Adaptive or Emergent Strategy. Examples of such conditions would include new competitive developments, technological advancements, developments, mergers and acquisitions within the industry, consumer trends and also prevailing economic and future conditions. Also, strategies are crafted at differing levels within the organization. In aiding with crafting, a situational analysis would be conducted. This is commonly known as a SWOT analysis, which looks at and evaluate the factors which would affect the organization’s competitive advantage and performance. Such as, The organization’s internal characteristic Strengths and Weaknesses, which serve to aid or retard internal organizational success. The business environment’s lucrative opportunity and imminent Threats, which serve to provide prospects for external organizational success or only serve to prevent it. The levels at which the Strategies are crafted would be the Corporate, Business and Functional. Corporate Level Strategies look at the organization in a holistic manner; and would include such actions as new business acquisitions, portfolio diversification, the synergy of business elements into one competitive force and ensuring priorities which promote the most successful business position. An example would be Cisco Systems, which purchased 71 companies between 1993 and 2000 to bolster its core competencies, and make it a foremost seller of IT products and solutions. Business Level Strategies look at the organization on a per unit basis. These strategies would define the competitive edge of the organization, unite its functions and also address any internal problems. Wal-Mart launched years ago an e-commerce site, where customers would make online purchases; and in so doing, further capitalized on its market share. Several of its competitors have also tried to keep up, launching similar services. Functional Level Strategies look at the functional departments within the organization and how they can be used to support and reinforce the Business Level Strategy. In 2005, the Dell Corporation sought to have a Dell computer in every home and business in America. To date, Dell has offered quality and affordable home and business computing solutions through very aggressive marketing, production, product development and customer support. This action has brought the company very close to the realization of its vision. The Implementation and Execution of Strategy This is the most complex and driven part of the Strategic Management Process. The Implementation stage of the process covers how management would put into action its organizational tools and resources, in a timely, efficient and effective manner, in order to achieve its goals and objectives. It can be shown to be done through the following. Leadership is the most critical area of Implementation. It would involve the influencing of others to agree upon and accomplish goals; generally through persuasion, motivation, a sense of involvement and purpose, understanding and culture-changing. Structure may be defined as follows†¦ â€Å"Organization structure is defined as (1) the set of formal tasks assigned to individuals and departments, (2) formal reporting relationships, including lines of authority, decision responsibility, hierarchal levels, spans of managers’ control and (3), design of systems to ensure effective coordination of employees across departments.† 1 Human Resources would cover all employees, their relative development, environments, conditioning, training, and employment status. Information and Control Systems would include information technology systems, information systems, policies and procedures, budgets, incentives and pay packages – all things necessary for ensuring success of other factors. Evaluation of Strategy Over time, management would have to monitor and evaluate the performance and progress of the organization, ensuring that it’s meeting its targeted goals. As mentioned previously, business and internal environments change with time, and management must ensure that its targets are being met effectively and on time. It may be found that the emergence and evaluation of new and existing conditions, strategies will have to be altered, redefined and improved upon to ensure Visions and Missions are held true. Organizations would need to make policy and budgetary changes, revise or modernize work processes and ethics, as well as improve financial reward systems and working conditions, hence, taking some remedial or corrective action. This would ensure that the organization stays on track for success. Conclusion Previous reading has shown that Strategic Management is indeed critical to an organization’s success, affecting every level and aspect of the organization. It is a cycle of events that take place over the lifetime of the organization, where CEO’s and Directors make long term decisions about their organizations; leaving the job of ensuring that the organization achieves its given goals and objectives to management. Ultimately, this would ensure the organization’s profitability to shareholders and investors, viability in given markets and survivability in the future and most importantly a sustained competitive advantage. References 1. Daft, R L (2003) â€Å"Management† – Sixth Edition. Ohio, USA: Thomson Learning South Western (p) 313. Online Resources 1. Wikipedia.com – The Free Online Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_management (23rd October, 2005) References 1. Daft, R L (2003) â€Å"Management† – Sixth Edition. Ohio, USA: Thomson Learning South Western. 2. Daft, R L (2004) â€Å"Organization Theory And Design† – Eight Edition. Ohio, USA: Thomson Learning South Western. 3. De Kluyver, C (2000) â€Å"Strategic Thinking – An Executive Perspective†: Prentice Hall 4. Hannagan, T (2005) â€Å"Management Concepts Practices† – Fourth Edition: Prentice Hall 5. Thompson And Strickland (1999) â€Å"Strategic Management: Concepts And Cases† – Eleventh Edition: Mc Graw-Hill Research Papers on Strategic Management - An Essential ToolThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of India

14 Instagram-Worthy College Party Outfits

14 Instagram-Worthy College Party Outfits College parties are loads of fun, but they aren’t always easy to dress for. What’s too casual and what’s too dressy? When to go sexy and when to show a little school spirit? And how do you pull off specific occasions? Check out the outfits below for inspiration. #1 Stick to Smart Casual When You Dont Know What to Wear Not every college party is beer pong and local clubs. What happens if your internship throws an office bonanza? Dress smart, with well-fitting jeans or slacks, dress shoes, a blouse and blazer. Image credit: Pinterest #2 Add Playful Accessories Make your little black dress a bit more playful by adding bold jewelry and an artsy hat. This is the perfect outfit for a fun night out with your girls or to a music-themed/jazzy party. Image credit: emfashionfiles #3 Set the Vibe With Accessories If you’re more of a jeans gal, dress it up with a flowy tank and heels for a chill vibe. Perfect for a night at the bar or a spur-of-the-moment party with friends. Accessories really set the vibe for this look. Image credit: Pinterest #4 Use Your School Team Colors Tailgating parties are some of the liveliest events, and it’s worth making a little effort beyond your school tee+jean go-to. Pair a top with a skirt or shorts that matches your team colors for a festive tribute to your school. View this post on Instagram My eyes are closed because I couldnt see a thing, and its a cute picture you know it 🠤 ª . . . . . . . . . . #youmad#summer#420#summeroutfit#yellow#missguided#ohpolly#photography#promo#promoter#outfit#ideas#yellowtop#denimskirt#leicester#leic#curlyhair#summertime#inspirations#mediumhair#hairstyle#home#outdoor#promoterswanted#promotersearch#promocode#isawitfirst A post shared by ð â€™ ¦Ã° â€™ ¶Ã° â€œâ€¡Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€œÆ'ð â€™ ¶ ð â€™ ¥Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€œâ€°Ã° â€™ ½Ã° â€œÅ'ð â€™ ¶ (@kareenajethwa) on Apr 20, 2019 at 9:55am PDT #5 Jumpsuits with Heels Just Perfect! A bright jumpsuit and heels will have all the heads turning. Dress it up for a party at a sophisticated event or keep it casual for a kickback with friends. View this post on Instagram You can’t go wrong with this new jumper ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã°Å¸â€ ¥ It’s absolutely stunning, very flattering, the color looks beautiful on all skin tones! ðŸ™Å'🠏 ¼ #bestdressed #weddingguestoutfit #fallfashion #newnewnew #shopchantillyboutique A post shared by Chantilly Boutique (@shopchantillyboutique) on Sep 13, 2018 at 8:21am PDT #6 Buy a Cute Dress for B-Day Parties The more friends, the more birthday parties you’ll be invited to! Opt for a colorful, sweet dress that you can pair with comfortable shoes like converse or dressy flats. It’s the perfect way to look flawless without upstaging the birthday girl. View this post on Instagram a cute caption #birthdaypartyoutfit #purpledress #converse #forever21 A post shared by Delilah Melendez (@missdelilahm) on Oct 22, 2017 at 5:47pm PDT #7 Choose Traditional Holiday Colors Holiday parties are magical, and if you’re celebrating the holidays with your college friends, a colorful ballroom skirt, heels and half sleeve blouse will win hearts. Worried about fitting the occasion? Opt for browns and orange around Thanksgiving, reds and greens at Christmas, and gold or black around New Year’s. What about Halloween? These college outfit ideas for Halloween will help you to look perfect. Image credit: Pinterest #8 How About Tying a Regular T-Shirt? Headed to a frat party? Bar-hopping with the girls? Convert your everyday essentials into a fun, flirty outfit by grabbing a front tie shirt or tying a regular t-shirt and wearing your favorite cut-off shorts. View this post on Instagram If I’m gonna buy bubble tea just for a picture, I should atleast post more than one right? 😋 Happy Friday angels! ðŸâ€" ¤ A post shared by Ann Liwanag 🕊 Travel Style (@aliwanaagg) on Aug 17, 2018 at 1:10pm PDT #9 Youll Never Lose By Choosing Denim Shorts Denim shorts and crop tops are a great option for darties early in the semester when the weather is still hot. Opt for a dark pair of shorts with a patterned top or keep with simple with a plain top and lighter-colored denim. View this post on Instagram black blue. @edi.bee A post shared by who . wear . what (@who.wear.what) on May 29, 2019 at 10:12pm PDT #10 Try a Printed Skirt You can’t get more straightforward than this printed mini skirt paired with a classic black tee and fun accessories. This is a great option is you’re playing it safe at a dorm party or getting the first taste of college nightlife.. You’ll look hip and feel comfortable all at once. https://theartoffashion11-blog.tumblr.com/post/36911640372 #11 Consider Leggings Leggings and crop tops are the ultimate party comfort, and with the right fit and color combination, you’ll be the high-fashion guest of the party. Complete the look with a stylish jacket, shades and combat boots to insert a boost of color. View this post on Instagram â€Å"I’m still here with who I started with.† 💙🠐‘ #DHOE | 📠¸ @thecoolliterati A post shared by Johnny (@johnnyubric) on Oct 29, 2017 at 6:25pm PDT #12 Try 90s Fashion Did someone say 90s? Don’t throw that 90s party invite in the trash! Bold patterns, chokers, mom jeans, and multi-patterned hoodies and jackets were all the rave back in the day. Mix and match and finish off with with a thick black belt and you’ll steal the show. Image credit: Pinterest #13 Swimsuit Also Matters Whether you’re swimming or lounging, pool parties are great ways to end the summer or kick-off the season. Choose a bright, fun swimsuit and bikini and use a pair of overall shorts as your cover-up! View this post on Instagram I was just so excited I fit in this onesie again. 😎 . . . . #onesie #jumper #bikini #poolpartyoutfit #latergram #ink #tattoo #girlswithtattoos #lezbehonest #lezziegram #blueisthewarmestcolor #fitfemales #lezbehonest #lezziegram #Ã'„Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ½Ã' Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ° #Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ ·Ã ¾Ã ½ #Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ¿Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º A post shared by Ruslana Sokolovskaya (@ruslanasky) on Aug 21, 2018 at 5:44pm PDT #14 Turn a Tee into a Dress Turn an oversized graphic tee into a sexy dress for a night out on the town or a concert after-party. Pair with combat boots and a crop jacket you’ll have an unforgettable ensemble. View this post on Instagram #DHOE A post shared by Marlee (@mar.wynn) on Oct 27, 2017 at 11:43pm PDT

An empirical study on foreign language anxiety and its impact on Thesis

An empirical study on foreign language anxiety and its impact on students' language acquisition and classroom progress and achievement - Thesis Example The foundation year is a crucial phase between school and university level study which often determines the course of a student’s academic career. It is a time when study habits are formed, and choices are made about future subjects. There is considerable research on what factors help and what factors hinder students in second language acquisition. Early research looked at motivation and attitude (Gardner and Lambert, 1972) but since then several different approaches have been developed and the terminology used to describe this field does vary considerably. Young (1998) and Arnold (1999) approach the subject using the broad term â€Å"affect† to cover all kinds of emotional contributions that students bring to the classroom, while Horowitz (1997) uses the approach of â€Å"beliefs about language learning† which emphasizes the kind of concepts that students have in their minds about the business of learning a language. Horowitz (1988) demonstrated that what students believe about language learning influences how they learn, and most crucially also how well they learn. In an empirical study Horowitz et al. (1986) focus on the element of foreign language anxiety as â€Å"a conceptually distinct variable in foreign language learning† and note that this may be partly caused by teaching methods that encourage a defensive position (Horowitz et al. 1986, p. 125). Its effects can include the production of shorter written texts, more concrete utterances and fewer qualifications. Test anxiety is factor for some students, while others are even afraid to speak in class because they fear being negatively evaluated by their classmates or by the teacher. The work of these researchers on group of second language learners in Texas resulted in the development of the â€Å"Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale† (Horowitz et al., 1986, p. 129). This is a very useful tool designed to ascertain the sco pe and severity of foreign

History of Commincation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Commincation - Essay Example The Renaissance era was a time with a lot of technological advancements. Communication also had a significant technological advancement including the printing press and also the linear perspective in drawing. There were major artists of the period that had a meaningful communication through their artwork. There are sketchbooks from that period that include books from Leonardo Da Vinci that have valuable insight into the mechanical technology of the time. The late 14th century and the early 15th century saw the use of the arquebus and musket. The printing press that was a significant advancement in technology saw many books and other media messages spread throughout Europe. The spreading of the messages and the books was a great help to enable people to be more conscious of their national identities. Printing that was a significant development during the era was a discovery by Gutenberg. The whole idea was Gutenberg’s invention that saw the printing machine being a movable type . The movable part saw the increase in use and it spread all over Europe. The expanded interest in expressions, designing and building ventures required non-verbal and traceable correspondence record of a more rugged sturdiness than wooden tablets with clay or wax. The material was accessible, yet was excessively costly. Amid the Renaissance paper fabricating, which likely had its creation in China around 100 AD, was beaten and paper plants set up crosswise over Europe. Even before education turns out to be, more broad portrayals and drawings were utilized to communicate.

Media and Entertainment Essay Example for Free

Media and Entertainment Essay The importance and popularity of media is ever growing. Media has become indispensible in everyday life, be it personal life or business, trade or work. Conventional media like cinema, television, radio and print are modifying themselves to play their roles effectively in the current market. Technological innovations and discovery of new media like cable television, Direct To Home (DTH), Mobile Technology, Internet Podcasting and FM Radio Channels have created immense competition in the entertainment and media field. Video games and portable audio – video devices have intensified the competition. Entry of foreign TV broadcasts, 24*7 broadcasting and the exponential growth of new media call for impressive content creation for catering to every segment of the population. The escalating economic growth in India with a remarkable percentage of youth in the population who have high earning capacity and more disposable incomes and the upwardly mobile middleclass make the entertainment and media sector more promising and demanding. Profile of the current youth with lesser attention span and the easy availability of affordable entertainment have created the challenges of attracting and retaining audience and clients. Multiplex cultures, variety of entertainment choices available, profitability and potential of space-selling in media houses, embedded advertising, marriage of animation and visual technologies are all signs of the advanced state of development in media and entertainment. New Technologies and the high costs involved in production and distribution of media content have justified corporate entry into cinema production and ntertainment production. This has given â€Å"Industry Status† to this field. This paper recognises the status of entertainment and media as a powerful service sector and highlights the need for adopting unique content creation and marketing strategies for enriching and enhancing the experience of the audience and clients. Moreover, the paper identifies the potential of these services that could be exploited for the benefit of the customers as well as to promise high returns for the Investors and Media and Entertainment houses. Content Creation and Entertainment Quotient in the current Media Scenario Introduction: â€Å"And in my opinion, entertainment in its broadest sense has become a necessity rather than a luxury in the life†¦ † -Walt Disney The very purpose of human life boils down to fulfilling the humane needs which include both physical and psychological needs. Media and Entertainment is the field that caters to the psychological or cognitive needs of the media customers. The importance and popularity of media is ever growing. Media has become indispensible in everyday life, be it personal life or business, trade or work. The Media and Entertainment industry consists of the creation, aggregation and distribution of content, products and services, news and information, advertising and entertainment through various channels and platforms. Conventional media like cinema, television, radio and print are modifying themselves to play their roles effectively in the current market. Technological innovations and discovery of new media like cable television, Direct To Home (DTH), Mobile Technology, Internet Podcasting and FM Radio Channels have created immense competition in the entertainment and media field. Video games and portable audio – video devices have intensified the competition. Entry of foreign TV broadcasts, 24*7 broadcasting and the exponential growth of new media calls for impressive content creation for catering to every segment of the population. The Indian Entertainment and Media (EM) industry has outperformed the Indian economy and is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. However, the future of this industry depends largely on the growth of Indian Economy. The Indian Economy is growing at a fast rate, with increased personal income of people who are spending more on their entertainment and leisure activities. Media and Entertainment Customers: Media and entertainment customers have no inhibitions to switch over their sources of entertainment and information, if they feel that their current entertainment provider does not stand up to the mark. Winning customer confidence and support becomes all the more crucial for this industry which could create deeper impressions and have greater impact on the inerasable minds of the customers. Radio, Television, Internet, Print, Movie, Music, Novels and News Media should live up to the fantasy, expectations and requirements of the viewing, listening and reading masses, who seek these media to fulfil their individualistic needs, based on their specific lifestyles, backgrounds and mood swings. The escalating economic growth in India along with a remarkable percentage of youth in the population who have high earning capacity and more disposable incomes and the upwardly mobile middleclass make the entertainment and media industry more promising and the demand for entertainment is going to steadily see an upward trend. Profile of the current youth with lesser attention span and the easy availability of affordable entertainment have created the challenges of attracting and retaining audiences and clients. Success totally depends on how original, quick and entertaining the content offered by these media is comparatively less. In media and entertainment, only the content that provides the highest degree of gratification can win over the media customers. Media Content and Entertainment Quotient: In media production and publishing, content refers to information and experiences that may provide value for an end-user or audience. Content may be delivered via any medium such as the internet, television, audio CDs, cinema, newspapers and magazines as well as live events such as conferences, stage performances and interactive audio video platforms. â€Å"Content† is the word used to identify and quantify various formats and genres of information as manageable value-adding components of media. Entertainment Quotient is the degree of gratification the customers receive or experience through the content provided by Media. Better the quality of content provided, higher will be the degree of gratification experienced. Hence, media content and entertainment quotient are directly related to each other. Media Production and delivery technology potentially enhances the value of content by formatting, filtering and combining original sources of content for new audience with new contexts. Media must understand its responsibility to spread optimism and hope in all aspects of life, especially during times of natural disasters like floods, tsunami, earth-quakes or man-made disasters like terrorist attacks, economic meltdowns, political crisis or any such critical situation apart from its vital role in offering information, education and entertainment. It is very essential for media to realize that its content on such events are just not a focus on the problems, but on the possible ways for prohibition, prevention and rescue. The fact that media can and should make such shift is reflective of its evolution globally. Content provided by media should be of value, relevance and provide entertainment to the ultimate customers. Contemporary Role of Media and Entertainment: Media is changing from being an informer to being a companion. Right from children to elders, people of all ages and classes have something to look for in all the media. All have started looking at media, be it the television, radio, newspaper or the internet as a source of not only entertainment, but also as a source of knowledge and exposure. Media have got themselves into the roles of friend, philosopher and guide and recently as an activist. This being the status, there is a vital need for the highest quality of the content that are provided by these media to be at par with the expectations of all segments of audience and provide high entertainment quotient to them. In many areas, media content is already playing a very active role in providing prescriptions to consumers. From being just a provider of news, the media today is a source of knowledge and offers forums of interaction where consumers can seek advice on health, beauty, home care, decor, travel etc. All these play a major role for their life style changes, and hence we have a majority of the people following a commonly seen style and changed culture. The viewer becomes the consumer who modifies his or her life to go with the characters portrayed by them. Audio-visual medium do have a salutary impact on the knowledge, attitude and acceptance of the viewers. Media do influence people as much as home, neighbourhood, peers in school / college / office etc. The Media and Entertainment industry is moving from the well known status of Mass Media to Mass-personal Media. Future of Indian Media and Entertainment Industry: The FM radio sector was opened up for foreign investment with 20 percent FDI being allowed. As a result the radio sector is expanding rapidly with forecasted growth rates of 32 percent per annum. In the print media segment, 100 percent FDI is now allowed for non-news publications and 26 percent FDI is allowed for news publications. Internet advertising is expected to go up from one percent to three percent of the total Media and Entertainment revenues by 2014. Music and Gaming are expected to grow at 32 percent in the next five years. With multiplex culture, watching film has become a status symbol. Television is witnessing a steady in growth and is likely to go further in future. Indian Television market is likely to grow at an average annual rate of 16% to reach 46,922 crore rupees by 2012. The historical data and the current trend in media industry imply a definite surge of demand and healthier competition in the days to come. Exciting new developments in the technologies used in this industry are taking place. Animation, Multiplexes, new distribution channels and the use of Internet are redefining the entertainment industry. All these factors will favour further growth of this industry in India. India is poised to enter the period of immense growth in this industry. Strategies for Success in Media and Entertainment Industry: The Mantra for attracting and retaining audience for all media is â€Å"provide quality content and increase the entertainment quotient†. Updated, contemporary, relevant, creative and informative content can take the media a long way. This is the basis for establishing, surviving, growing and conquering in the dynamic media industry. Competition is high and tough. The sources available for entertainment and information are many and easily accessible. This being the status, â€Å"survival of the fittest, fastest and the most creative† is the lifeline of media content at present. The challenge for communicators and marketers is to create and identify opportunities that can make the content all the more impressive. Today more and more battles are not as much for market share as for a share of the consumers’ wallet. Media consumers are very vulnerable and prone to be poached by more innovative and consistent content providers. Media products, being intangible can have only cognitive and psychological impact on their consumer. Hence, it becomes more important to provide high quality content which is much better than the competitors’ and thus ensure high entertainment quotient, which is the ultimate aim of any entertainment content. This in turn will aid in attracting, maintaining and enhancing the audience for the particular media. Further, this will ensure the growth potential of the media. Media are not averse to content tie-ups to create media multiplier effect by increasing the touch points. Media observers agree that cross-media tie-ups have become a compulsion, rather than a choice. Thus, convergence of media has become indispensible and is the most plausible route for reaching out to more audience or end-users. Mobile telephones, 3G wireless services, DTH (Direct To Home television), HDTV (High-Definition Television) and the Web, all require content to be converted to multiple formats in order to be offered to a multitude of consumers from various national, cultural, economic and social backgrounds. Media companies agree that tie-ups are not a cost-saving mechanism, rather, it is more about expanding the visibility and pooling the strengths of the two mediums. The content synergy assures prospective audience. There has also been a change in the mindset of publications, be it in print or internet or television. They have realized the importance of providing news and information to the audience, without worrying about the source. Earlier, media houses would stress exclusive reportage. Now, they are willing to give due credit to the source publication as well as the journalist. This is a welcome transition, since it is an optimistic way to reach out to the dedicated and loyal audience who seek out entertainment and information only from certain specific media which they prefer. Stereotyped, mundane and pessimistic content are likely to reduce the entertainment quotient apart from having negative impact on the audience. Ultimately, customers carry along only experiences and memories and satisfaction along with them when they make use of any media for entertainment or information. Only carefully crafted content can enhance these experiences, satisfaction levels and entertainment quotient of media consumers. Conventional cinema and television media had been providing slow paced, socially relevant content to target audience comprising of all economic strata. The amounts of money and marketing involved were small and the industry had been more of monopolistic. The scenario now is entirely different with resurgence of widescreen, stereo, surround sound and digital cinema becoming better and affordable by all. Currently, big production budgets and expensive equipments are being used as the recipe for creating quality entertainment, capable of reaching millions of audience. Especially in India, the entry of Hollywood films has created intense competitions and also has enhanced and diversified the expectations of the local viewers. Dubbing and releasing of Hollywood and other foreign movies in vernacular languages has intensified the entertainment quotient sought by the consumers. The degree of challenges in newer technology adoption, costs and risks involved are higher as far as cinema and television are concerned. Television content production venture is top venture in the media world.

Otavalo Cultural Integrity and the Forces of Globalization :: Outsourcing, Offshoring, Free Trade

Despite common misconception, indigenous peoples the world over are remarkably free from the cultural immobility and permanence suggested of them by foreign travel brochures and â€Å"imperialist nostalgia† (87). The attitudes, perceptions and behaviors of modern Otavalos shift and grow members of the community travel overseas and sell native textiles and music in international markets. Thus, the concept of â€Å"maintaining cultural identity† must reflect the invigorating and active exchange of social, political and economic realities between people. Adaptability is an element of every human culture around the world. Handsome profits roll into Otavalo accounts through their extensive textile industries, a complex international music scene, and annual floods of tourists for the Otavalo Saturday market. Our politically â€Å"potent tropes† of progressive/backward societies, and modern/primitive cultures are frustrated by the reality of Otavalo wealth. Yet these indigenous Ecuadorian people are no less culturally â€Å"authentic† for their organized adaptability than any other affinity of people (96). Indeed, when indigenous societies do not meet the flowery, exotic ideal of a â€Å"forgotten paradise† exhibiting a quality of â€Å"timelessness,† â€Å"foreigners often react with outrage† (87). Yet from the Inuit of Nunavut, to the Himba of Namibia to the Hawai’ians of Hawai’i, no culture is an object ready for the taking. Culture cannot be â€Å"lost like car keys† (97). Change, however, is not without cost and the question of agency. The consequences of forced cultural subordinance, as demonstrated in by colonial era, are destructive, alienating, and endlessly residual. Cultural sovereignty and political autonomy must be vigorously defended for every people: the right to collectively determine the future of one’s own people is intrinsic to maintaining a cultural identity. Ironically, it is via interaction between people and places that we learn to fully define ourselves by our own culture among the many cultures on this Earth. Only through cultural opposition can we human beings determine who we are and the relevance of our own way of living. In the late 1980s, local civil registrars allowed Otavalo parents to officially enroll their newborns given Quichua, rather than Spanish, names. This liberating gesture of cultural sovereignty revived common names of the indigena and permitted the Otavalo to powerfully reject the mestizaje in an explicit statement of faith in their own identity (234). In another, more complex, affirmation of autonomy, Otavalos maintain â€Å"a chameleonlike ability to meet audience expectations while still identifying as Otavalos† in selling their goods and exotic appeal on the global capitalist market (170).

Single Sex versus Co-ed

Single-Sex versus Co-education Education is very important for both boys and girls, but the place they are being educated in is very arguable. Nowadays, it has been noticed that in a single-sex educational experience students exhibit an eagerness to participate in discussions. In Australia, the percentage of students attending single-sex secondary schools was 55% of boys and 54% of girls, in 1985. However, by 1995 the proportion of students attending had dropped to 41% of boys and 45% of girls.Let us start by onsidering the fact that studying in separate school, boys and girls, can indisputably concentrate on their studies and not get distracted easily by the opposite sex classmates. In addition to this, some religious and traditional families might be keener to educate their children in separate schools. Generally, students of single- sex schools perform better than those at co-ed schools. On the other hand, it could be better for boys and girls to study together since they should b e taught fairly. Communication plays a big role in co-education schools.It helps pupils to communicate and socialize and it is easier for them in the future as they get to interact with others while working, in colleges and universities, etc. Moreover, students at co-ed schools learn to interact better with the other gender. After weighing the pros and cons, I would say that we live in a mixed world where interactions between both genders is compulsory, whether it was a debate at work or a group discussion among co-workers. The ability to speak out without intimidation is a vital feature in each individual. Written And Discussed By: JOY

Creation of amended television Essay

Introduction To determine the success of the common policy European Union directive regarding the amended television without frontiers act, it is necessary first to understand the objectives of the act and the broader objectives fostered by the European Union regarding television and broadcasting. In general, the European Union aims at establishing and maintaining free movement of capital, goods and persons. There is also a general effort to establish the conditions necessary for unrestricted broadcasting across the territory of its Member States. This means that the EU generally strives to allow television broadcasting of member-state content to happen freely within the EU. The â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive is the legal document that establishes the framework for television broadcasting activities in the EU to occur in this unrestricted fashion. Overall and most often, this directive is considered the â€Å"cornerstone† of the European broadcasting policy. This should give at least some notion that it is generally considered to be a success; most specifically this success is noted in terms of its principle objective, which is to co-ordinate the national rules of Member States regarding the television broadcasting. As necessary, the â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive looks to remove barriers established by internal markets for television broadcasting and related services within the Union and also to establish a   broader means of governing the broadcasting activities of Member States as a collective unit. Areas in which the broadcasting directive is most fundamental include in the freedom of reception and retransmission, the promotion of production and distribution of European programs to provide access to major sporting events from around the EU and establish and maintain measures to protect minors. The Amended Television Without Frontiers Directive: Overview Digital television first launched in Europe between 1995 and 1996. The first digital service in Europe dramatically changed the landscape for audiovisual communications and broadcasting. Increased deregulation and the introduction of new technology within the broadcasting sector appeared to pave the way for still further developments. Digital technology, from the get-go, both multiplied and diversified the broadcasting channels and services series. It also established a convergence of the telecommunications, media and information technology sectors (Aubry, 2000). By 1997 and 1998, interested authorities had confirmation of a new trend in the broadcasting industry. The Statistical Yearbook of the Strasbourg-based European Audiovisual Observatory confirmed that the progress of digital technology in Europe was creating a significant growth in the number of broadcasting operators, particularly pay-TV and pay-per-view services. Over 330 digital channels broadcast by satellite at the beginning of 1997. In 1996, only a year before, the number of broadcasting channels was as low as ten (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997). By January 1, 1998, More than 480 digital programs broadcast by satellite by January 1, 1998 that could be received in parts of Europe (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998). Seventeen pay-per-view providers were also providing customers with over 200 channels in 1998, which compared to the six services providing offering only 42 channels between them in 1996 (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998). The trend regarding digital television was clearly that it was not only bringing more channels on the European audiovisual scene but that the entire range of the content broadcast was expanding dramatically over even a short period of time, particularly due to the special channels available via systems like pay-per-view. As a result of the growing range of channels offered, in 1997, major European digital providers, such as Spain’s Canal Satellite, Germany’s Premiere, and the United Kingdom’s BSkyB, launched a series of new digital multichannel packages in Europe. The packages offer a very diversified range of thematic programs such as cinema, sports, information, music, and travel (Aubry, 2000). The audiovisual products increased in range as the demand for cinema, television, video, and multimedia increased dramatically between 1995 and 2000. In particularly, the growth in total income was staggering; an estimated climb of 69% was seen during that period, accounting for an increase from euro 31,847.7 million to euro 53,871.1 million in just those five years. Much of the increase was also generated by the newly developed television systems and such new forms of audiovisual consumption as pay-per-view, video-on-demand, and multimedia service packages (Norcontel, 1997, p. 173). In a very brief period, the landscape for audiovisual broadcasting in Europe had transformed dramatically. The industry was also subject to a large number of alliances between traditional operators of classical television and, increasingly, in paid television systems. Both mergers and joint ventures between major and minor satellite, cable, and terrestrial provider companies were viewed favorably by the European competition authorities. The mergers and ventures were seen to ensure the development of an Information Society as they supported and often facilitated the provision of new audiovisual content and services (Aubry, 2000). In terms of objectives, the European Commission also intends to ensure that the audiovisual market remains open to competition; therefore, it carefully sees to it that the said market not be distorted or foreclosed by dominant positions and access barriers such as exclusive broadcasting rights (particularly as regards sport events) and State aid to the broadcasting sector. The Member States have therefore to ensure that pluralism and competition are maintained in the audiovisual sector by preventing the creation of dominant positions resulting from agreements such as concentrations, mergers and acquisitions of businesses. In response to concerns that high entry barriers were gradually being created to limit the European-wide access to broadcasts, the European Council created the â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive on October 3rd, 1989 (Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989 on the co-ordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities (OJ, 1989, p. 23). Rapid changes in the audiovisual market had been seen since the beginning of the nineties. They required a substantial revision of the terms, however. In May, 1995, and further to the European Commission proposal, a revised version of the original â€Å"Television Without Frontier† Directive was put forward. The new Directive was adopted on June 30th, 1997 (Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 97/36/EC, 1997, p. 60). This revised version provided an up-to-date regulatory framework that was adapted to reflect the needs for legislation focusing on digital broadcasting. The particular points about the new directive included the tightening of certain legal concepts. As regards the Member States’ jurisdiction over broadcasters, rules governing teleshopping and the coverage of major events were introduced. The protection for children was also increased (Aubry, 2000). Analysis According to article 2a of Directive 97/36, Member States of the EU must ensure the freedom of reception and they also cannot in any manner restrict the retransmission on their territory of television programs broadcast from other Member States that falls within the fields co-ordinated by the Directive. Essentially the only exception to the rule, the only instance in which it is permitted to restrict retransmission is in the event that, according to the provisions of Article 22, there is a serious infringement of the provisions governing protection of minors. According to Article 2 (1) of the Directive, each Member State is responsible for ensuring that all television programs transmitted by broadcasters under its jurisdiction comply with the provisions of the Directive as well as with the national regulations applicable to broadcasts intended for the public in that Member State. It follows that the receiving State may not apply to programs emanating from another Member State legal provisions specifically aimed at controlling the content of television broadcasts at national level. Although Member States can adopt more details or constraining rules in the areas that cover the Directive according to article 3 (1) of the Directive, rules may not be applied to programs broadcast by cross-border channels located in other Member States. It is also worth nothing that the European Court of Justice currently distinguishes between national legislation in areas not covered by the Directive, like the protection of consumers against misleading advertising, and matters that are considered to be already fully regulated by Community law. This certainly includes regulations relating to the protection of minors. Under certain circumstances, a receiving EU Member State has the option to adopt measures to protect the interests of consumers against national advertisers. They may not take measures to control television program broadcasts by foreign operators. Only the Member States with jurisdiction over the broadcaster concerned is responsible for its control (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997, p 13). The â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive sets quota requirements for the promotion of European works on television. These provisions do not apply to television broadcasts that are intended for local audience and do not form part of a national network (Aubry, 2000). According to Article 4 of the Directive, the Member States must ensure, â€Å"where practicable and by appropriate means†, that broadcasters under their jurisdiction reserve for European productions a majority proportion of air time. This doesn’t include any time devoted to news, sports, games, advertising, teletext services and teleshopping. According to Article 5, European television channels must reserve at least 10% of their transmission time to European works created by producers unaffiliated with broadcasters. Certain flexibility is granted for the implementation of the quota requirements, however, the European Commission supervises the implementation of Articles 4 and 5 of the Directive is supervised by the European Commission. All Member States must submit to a report containing a statistical statement on the achievement of the quotas. This is required every two years and any failure to achieve the required proportion must be reported and explained. Measures must also be adopted or envisaged to remedy the situation where possible (Aubry, 2000). Conclusion In terms of its success, the Amended â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive certainly does establish a viable means of maintaining a viable community base for television broadcasting within the European Union. Whereas limited channel choice characterized analogue broadcasting, the need for the viewer to fit in with the schedulers, and a clear understanding that the television was a device for watching broadcast programs. Digitalization, on the other hand, creates the possibility of hundreds of channels. It essentially allows televisions to serve as a multipurpose, multimedia terminal. Digitalization allows viewers to program their own schedules, watch programs when they want, and even interacting with the programs themselves. Overall, the EU member countries have managed to maintain a relatively unrestricted system for broadcasting content produced   by other member countries. However, the amended â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive was first implemented as a measure to combat growing efforts by EU member states to restrict such broadcasting freedoms. Only time will tell whether the commonality established by this directive will be maintained and proven successful. For one thing, the effects of digital television will be interesting to determine and watch in terms of shared broadcasting among EU-member broadcasting companies. References. Audry, P. 2000. The â€Å"Television Without Frontiers† Directive, Cornerstone of the European Broadcasting Policy, Strasbourg: EAO. European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997, Legal Guide to Audiovisual Media in Europe, Strasbourg: EAO. European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997. Statistical Yearbook. Strasbourg: EAO. European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998. Statistical Yearbook, Strasbourg: EAO. Levy, D. A. L. 2001. Europe’s Digital Revolution: Broadcasting Regulation, the EU and the Nation State. London: Routledge. Norcontel, 1997. Economic Implications of New Communication Technologies on the audiovisual markets, Screen Digest, Stanbrook and Hooper. OJ Council Directive 89/552/EEC, 1989. â€Å"The co-ordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities†, Official Journal of the European Union, 17 October, 1989.

Attachment Theory Young Children And Their Families Social Work Essay Essay Example

Attachment Theory Young Children And Their Families Social Work Essay Essay Example Attachment Theory Young Children And Their Families Social Work Essay Paper Attachment Theory Young Children And Their Families Social Work Essay Paper Attachment theory derives from psychoanalyic psychological science, nevertheless it is used in societal work to try to understand behavior in babyhood and childhood to demo the manner in which kids develop emotionally ( WALKER 2009 ) This theory centres on the thought that kids need to organize unafraid relationships with other people, such as parents or defenders, as it is a important contributer to their emotional development. Social bonds and relationships that are made in early childhood are believed to act upon an persons life and can impact upon their wellbeing to find their emotional and societal stableness later in life. Consequently, fond regard is seen as an built-in constituent within babies and immature childrens lives, as these experiences can determine a individuals personality and individuality in future old ages. ( WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010 ) . If these experiences of fond regard are negative, and the kid does non develop equal relationships with their health professionals, so this can hold detremental effects on their psychological and emotional development. ( WALKER, J 2009 ) . The Attachment theory originates from the thoughts of John Bowlby who believes that worlds are biological predispositioned to seek fond regard from others. He proposes that endurance is closely related to the ability to possess emotional bonds with other persons ( GREEN 2003 ) . This is because by organizing an fond regard with an authorization figure who is seen as the stronger of the species, this reduces the exposure of the person as it provides increased security and protection from injury posed by possible marauders ( BOWLBY 1958, cited in LISHMAN 2007 ) . The theory looks at the manner that attachment relationships are formed, and the grounds behind their manifestation. Children are seen to organize these relationships for grounds such as safety, comfort and to supply guidence. These attachment behavior, harmonizing to larning theoreticians, are displayed in babyhood through speaking, express joying and shouting. This enables them to persue their basic demands for endurance, su ch as nutrient for nurishment, by their fond regard to their female parent who is able to back up them in carry throughing their demands ( WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010 ) . This initial fond regard to health professionals besides guides the persons ideas, feelings and outlooks as they become cognizant of peoples responses towards them which help them recognize how to act ( WALKER 2009 ) . There are four premises of Bowlby s fond regard theory which effort to explicate his beliefs. The first, is that babies and immature kids develop emotional ties with persons early in life, which acts as a biological map and plays an built-in portion to their endurance. The 2nd premise is that the manner a kid is treated early in life has a major lending factor to their future relationships and the manner their personality is formed. The 3rd premise is that attachment behavior can organize an internal working theoretical account which guide the kid s ideas, feelings and outlooks as a consequence of the reactions of others towards their behavior. The concluding premise of Bowlby s fond regard theory is that although it is hard to change attachment behavior, it is non impossible, thereofre there is the possibility of change at any point in life, both in a positive and negative manner ( GREEN 2003 ) . Although babies and immature kids are able to hold more than one attachment figure, they are still affected when they are exposed to seperation from their primary attachment figure. This can go on for many grounds, such as a kid being removed from a household place and placed into attention, or possibly decease. This can be a really distressful and confusing clip for a kid as they are diffident of who to turn to for security and protection. This is apparent in societal work pattern in cases where an abused kid wants to stay with its parents, even though it is non a stable or supportive fond regard ( LISHMAN 2006 ) . Bowlby proposed that kids who have experienced seperation from their chief attachment figure will endure in a procedure affecting protest, dispair and withdrawal, in an effort to get the better of their loss ( BOWLBY 1958, cited in LISHMAN 2006 ) . However, although Bowlby provided an of import part to the thought of fond regard, his research can be criticised in many ways. This is because Bowlby tends to concentrate his thoughts on one primary figure of fond regard, frequently the female parent, when it is possible for kids to organize fond regards with other people within their lives such as their male parent. Besides, developing relationships with other people alongside the attachment figure is besides of import, this is because holding to trust on the caregiving relationship of one individual can be damaging due to the fact it frequently consequences in dependence and does non let other relationships to be formed with others, which can the impede the societal and emotional development of the kid ( WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Lishman ( 2007 ) , the fond regard theory believes that when a kid is stressed or afraid, they exhibit peculiar behavior and emotions which can be perceived as fond regard. This is because they seek protection from injury through the aid and security of an grownup who they see as stronger than themselves. This is closly linked to two types of behavioral systems: the explorative behavioral system and the fear behavioral system. The explorative behavioral system is based of the belief that when an baby or immature kid feels comfy and safe, the attachment behavior remains hibernating and hence the kid will be willing to research the people around them and their milieus. However, if a kid feels threatened or vulnerable, the fright behavioral system will go active, where the kid will no longer seek geographic expedition and alternatively they will seek protection from their attachment figure and exhibit behavior related to that fond regard. However, the behavior that they display is non intended to arouse fondness from the attachment figure, alternatively it is to A ; acirc ; ˆ?regain a province of equilibrium A ; acirc ; ˆA? ( p59 ) . This means that babies and immature kids are non dependent upon the caregiving nature of the attachment figure, alternatively their purpose is to decrease their frights. There is a categorization of fond regard forms which identifies four different types of fond regard, which attempts to enanble professionals to measure immature childrens behavior and emotions ( secure, ambivalent, avoident and disorganised ) . Secure fond regard is based of the belief that kids depend upon their health professional as a base for geographic expedition. The health professional is available to the kid and responds to the kids demands, therefore the kid behaves in a positive mode. Ambivalent attachment expressions at how kids are unwilling to research their milieus as the health professional is non consistent in their support. This can go forth the kid distressed, clingy and dependant. The 3rd class is avoident forms of fond regard, and features an unresponsive health professional, therefore the kid feels rejected and they view themelves as dependent whilst actively avoiding or disregarding the health professionals presence. And eventually, disorganized fond regard is w here kids are fearful of their health professionals, and they themselves may experience confused or depressed. This type of fond regard is most frequently seen in kids who have suffered maltreatment ( HOWE 2001, cited in LISHMAN 2007 ) . How a critical apprehension of Attachment Theory can lend to Social Work Practice. Social workers are seen to hold three functions to play when working within an attachment position: appraisal, planning and direct work with kids, parents and carers. Assessment looks at countries within fond regard such as the demands of a kid, the rearing that they receive, their emotional and behavioral development and the relationships which they have formed. There are besides trials created specifically for mensurating fond regard, such as Ainsworth s alien trial which provide an indicant of the form and quality of their fond regards. The 2nd function, planning, looks at how be aftering for new fond regards when puting kids with new households needs to be approached carefully. This is because they need happening the most suited parenting figures where new fond regards can be made. The 3rd function is direct work with kids, parents and carers. This is because direct contact and communicating is necessary to accomplish the best possible result when working with kids and households. For illustration, when a kid has been removed from their place and is being placed with new carers, direct work can supply support to the kid to fix them for alteration. It can besides be utile with the adoptive or surrogate household to supply guidence and support towards what to anticipate and to assist with any jobs they face ( LISHMAN 2007 ) Attachment theory has been used within societal work pattern as the footing for many kid attention policies. This is because the thought of a baby or kid being attached to their household, which can act upon their development in many ways, has been used as the footing for many statute law ( LISHMAN 2007 ) . For illustration, Sure Start Children s Centres have been introduced in response to the importancy of household support to enable them to construct and keep positive household relationships ( LAMING REPORT 2009, cited in BRAMMER 2010 ) . Attachment theory had besides contributed to policies such as shared parental duty, as it has emhasised the demand for emotional and societal relationships with health professionals, whilst besides proposing possible effects to a kid development and the negative impact later in life if these demands were non met efficaciously. ( LISHMAN 2007 ) . Attachment theory besides provides guidence to enable societal workers to judge the quality of a relationship between a kid and it s parents. This can enable them to derive an apprehension of at what point, if at any, intercession is necessary as it gives them the ability to measure the fond regard that is present within the relationship. The fond regard theory besides gives a more comprehensive apprehension of the loss experienced by an baby or kid when they lose their chief attachment figure. This means that people working within societal work pattern are cognizant of the common and typical behaviors of a kid who is traveling through this procedure and can therefore back up them to get the better of it. A farther manner the fond regard theory is used to profit societal work pattern is that as it is known that fond regard figures are necessary for kids to develop adequately, persons such as adoptive parents can be taught to exhibit behavior which will promote new attachmentment from the kid which is needed for personal growing ( WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD 2010 ) . However, attention demands to be taken when puting a kid with a new household as to forestall a repeating loss of fond regard figures which can do them to fault themeselves and produce feelings of ineptitude. This can intend guaranting that the kid is appropriatly prepared and ready to organize new bonds of fond regard and that the new carers of the kid receive sufficient support within their function. ( LISHMAN 2007 ) . Attachment theory can besides be linked to the manner in which a female parent bonds with her new born babe. However, these early bonds are non entirely restricted to female parents, it is besides possible for male parents. Although, this bond is typically formed within the first few hours after birth as the female parent and babe connect both physically and emotionally. The initial bond that is made is thought to hold a important consequence on their hereafter relationship as it is the beginning of their attachment . This cognition enables societal workers to back up female parents who are peculiarly vulnerable to hapless parenting, although this is merely effectual if the support continues throughout the first few months after the babe is born.. However, it is of import to observe that merely because a female parent fails to accomplish an initial bond with her babe, this does non intend that maltreatment is inevitable. How are issues of diversity relevant to human growing, behavior and development? GREEN, V. 2003. Emotional development in Psychoanalysis, Attachment Theory and Neuroscience: Creating Connections. East Sussex: Brunner-Routledge LISHMAN, J. 2007. Handbook for Practice and Learning in Social Work and Social Care: Knowledge and Theory. London: Jessica Kingsley WALKER, J and K, CRAWFORD. 2010. Social Work and Human Development. Exeter: Learning Matters WALKER, J. 2008. Analyzing for Your Social Work Degree. Exeter: Learning Matters BRAMMER, 2010. Social Work Law. London: Longman

Your 3 Step Cheat Sheet on How to Get a Job

Your 3 Step Cheat Sheet on How to Get a Job If you’ve been on the job hunt before, you know that a stellar resume and solid-gold experience are really only part of the process. Everything else hinges on how you present yourself in writing and in person. Hiring managers aren’t shy about sharing tips for job-seekers- after all, they have a huge interest in finding the best person available, and they want you to be that person. It’s a win all around when you get hired, so it’s in your best interest to take their recommendations to heart. So what do you need to know? Let’s walk through some of the most important strategies on how to get a job. . 1. Before You Apply2. The Interview3.  After the InterviewBefore You ApplyDon’t just dive in without a plan–disorganization will make both you and your job search process scattered and messy.Be focused (and realistic) in your search.If you’re looking to move up in your field, don’t apply for jobs that are a total reach for yo u, experience-wise. Make sure you’re applying for jobs that you can plausibly do with your experience level and skills. (The Muse recommends having 80% of the job requirements if you’re reaching.) If you’ve only had one three-year job out of school, applying for a CEO position because it came up in a keyword search is not going to be a productive use of anyone’s time. If a job calls for five years of experience when you have four years plus the requisite skills, that’s more reasonable. Just prepare to emphasize the skills and qualities that qualify you to do the job. Don’t apply indiscriminately for jobs in your industry and wait for something to stick.Know the job and the company.If you get stumped by a basic question like, â€Å"So what attracts you to this company?† in the interview, things are not going to go great from there. Doing some super-basic research ahead of time is the bare minimum of the prep you need to do when you app ly for a job opening. Not only can it help you form your interview talking points, but it could also set off any red flags early in the process. If you’re really interested in a marketing position at GiantCorp, but find out that you’d be marketing baby seal poison, that might not jive very well with your longtime ASPCA volunteering. It’s a waste of your time (and the hiring manager’s) if you go far down the path for a position or a company you’re really not interested in.Also know the company’s culture.If you’re looking for a company where you can wear jeans a few times a week and have a strong work-life balance, then you’re not going to be very happy if you accept a job at a place where you’re expected to wear formal business attire for your 75-hour work week. This can be tough to scope out ahead of an interview, but if you poke around the company website and check sites like Glassdoor, it can give you a glimpse into wh at it’s like to work for the company.Tailor your resume.This goes back to the first point, about not taking a one-size-fits-all approach. The recruiter or hiring manager is looking for The One, the Candidate to Rule Them All- not a vague outline of a person. Your job is to make them see how well you fit into this role, not every possible job opening. Before you apply, make sure your resume is massaged to match the job description, and you’ve played up your skills and experience accordingly.List job-specific skills on your resume, especially software.This is kind of an extension of the tailoring, but it also works even if the job description doesn’t ask for specific software proficiency. This is a quick, easy way to convey very specific information to the hiring manager. If you decide to hold out until the interview to talk about your Excel ninja skills for a job that lives and dies on spreadsheet analysis, it might already be too late, with your resume in the â €Å"nope† pile. It’s also an easy way to get past automated resume readers and keyword searches.The InterviewCongrats! You’ve made it to the next step. The prep work is done, right? Not so much. This just opens up a whole new set of expectations.Be confident- and show it.There’s always a chance that the interviewer will see past any nerves and decide that you’re supremely qualified, despite your nervous rambling or lack of eye contact. (I say this with love and respect, as a fellow introvert who has always struggled with interview confidence.) But you can’t really bet on that- you need to be as confident and clear as you can be in the interview. Practice your talking points (skills, experience) ahead of time, so that pauses can’t be misconstrued as â€Å"stalling for time† or its insidious cousin, â€Å"making stuff up.† Practice your interview handshake and eye contact, as well as your body language. And try to relax. T he stakes may feel high, but you want the interviewer to see as much of the real you (awesome professional edition) as possible.Be early(ish).The interview arrival sweet spot is 10-15 minutes ahead of your scheduled time. That gives you time to check in with someone (a receptionist, building security, etc.) and sit quietly for a minute to collect your thoughts. Being late is a no-no, but so is being too early. It’s awkward to sit around, and it’s awkward for your interviewer if he or she knows you’re just sitting around for 20 minutes while they wrap up another interview or try to get something done before your meeting. If you find you’re about to arrive at the place really early, kill time outside. If there’s a coffee place nearby, grab a small cup of your preferred beverage (maybe even a lucky scone). Catch up on headlines. Review your interview prep notes. Then, when you’re down to ten minutes ahead of game time, head into the building.Dr ess the part.Even if your pre-interview research tells you that everyone wears fashionably ripped jeans and concert tees to work at this place, dress up for your interview. Going too casual telegraphs that you don’t take this very seriously. You will never go wrong wearing with a clean, ironed, well-fitting suit for your interview.Don’t be snarky or inappropriate.Tone is super-important in your interview. You want to be approachable, and light jokes are fine- especially in the small talk phase at the beginning, or later in the congeniality competition. However, keep it light, and never make jokes at the expense of the interviewer, or the company.Don’t lie.Just don’t. Don’t exaggerate your Spanish skills on your resume, because you might walk into an interview with someone who spent three years living in Barcelona. Don’t suggest that you practically ran the place at your old job, because a quick call to someone at your old company could contr adict that right quick. It’s okay to play up skills and experiences, but always be sure you can back them up with specifics and references. If you get caught lying, that’s pretty much an automatic dealbreaker. Even if it’s a little fib, it throws your whole resume in doubt.Ask questions.If you don’t have any questions about the job, the day-to-day, or the people you’d be working with, the interviewer may get suspicious that you don’t care, or that you don’t really see yourself in the role. Up to now, it’s likely that you’ve only seen the posted job description- and those are usually bare bones at best. This is your chance to learn more about what the job is actually like, and figure out how you see yourself fitting in.RELATED:  The Best Questions to Ask During A Job InterviewAfter the InterviewYour job isn’t done when you walk out of your interview. For better or worse, you’re being judged on your post-in terview behavior–stay on your best and classiest behavior all the while.Send a thank you note.Even if the interview went terribly. Even if you said a lovely and poignant â€Å"thank you† to the interviewer as you left the room. Send the thank you note. It’s a nice touch, and lets the interviewer know that you’re still engaged and vested in this process. If you can drop a quick handwritten note in the mail, great- people appreciate that personal touch. At a bare minimum, send an email that same day.RELATED:  6 Steps to Writing a Great Thank You NoteDon’t pester anyone for a response.Whether you’re a kid or you’re a grown professional anxious to get word about your future, â€Å"Are we there yet? How about now? Okay, how about†¦now?† is not a good look. After the interview, give the company room to breathe. They might be meeting with other candidates, or going through an internal review/approval process. You won’t w in any bonus â€Å"hire me† points by checking in with HR (or the interviewer) every single day. Before you leave the interview, ask the interviewer if there’s a time frame for next steps. If that time passes and you’re anxious, you can send a brief email asking if there’s anything further they need from you. If you don’t hear back after a month, especially if your check-in email went unanswered, it’s safe to assume this just wasn’t to be.Remember: even when this job hunt feels like an impersonal process, there are always humans behind it reading your resume, and trying to get a sense of who you are. They see the good, the bad, and the ugly come across their desks when it’s time to hire someone new, and have a vested interest in making sure you fall into the â€Å"good† category and become an asset to their team. It may feel like a bit of a chore to have a checklist of actions to make yourself more appealing, but it†™s totally worth it in the long run.

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide Research Paper

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide - Research Paper Example Lacks died after eight months, but her cells live, the first cell line to survive, cultured in vitro at the Hospital’s laboratory for cervical research and since then literally immortal (Brodwin 2000 54-57). Those cells are still being cultured today and are used for research on cancer, AIDS, various other diseases and gene-related studies. In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Lacks’ children grieved at the fact that others made a multi-million industry of their mother’s cells while they are living a life of poverty (Skloot 2010). Despite the medical benefits brought about by HeLa, there are those who believe that an ethical breach occurred when Lacks cells were used for research without her and/or her children’s knowledge and consent. According to Anders Nordgren, dialogue, which includes informed consent, is central to ethical research. There is an unwritten agreement among the research community that a research must always be preceded by the consent of the subject concerned (2001 p 128). Informed consent, which involves disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, authorization, and precondition (Nordgren 2008 p. 128), is merely in keeping with the right of a person to privacy, one of the rights mentioned by the 9th Amendment to the Constitution. In the case of Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Company 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905), the Court concluded that the right to privacy is an independent right under a state constitution (Schultz 576). Moreover, modern trends in ethical research suggests the significance and impact of informed consent to the entire family lineage of the individual whose cells are being made a subject of research (Lea et al 1998 p.91). The elements of disclosure and understanding requires that a person must be notified and recognize the various aspects of the research, such as its

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Interview - Essay Example ii. There are no important factors to as an undergraduate student which will help you learn effectively in your course. iii. There factors that are important to UEL graduates to assist them to learn effectively. iv. There are factors that are not important to UEL graduates to assist them to learn effectively. Introduction According to Carnell and Lodge (2012:56-57) asserted that learning is not simply the passive receiving of information. Learning means to change your beliefs, behaviours, and attitude in relation to the ideas being encountered. Learning is actually not all about gaining something from instructors or trainings but it can also be the things that we learn from other people’s experiences then to tolerate difficult things yourself. In that sense, learning is not seen as a single step process. It usually takes by and by processes to shape itself. Learning something is compared to keeping a treasure in the mind forever, it is not remembering it but considering it the way it is and the way it can be. Learning is considered as an activity of construction, but one of reception (Hewitt, 2009). Sisakhti outlines contemporary views on learning when they assert that education needs to be focused on the learner (1998:205), insisting on leaner participation in the learning process as joint course-designer, evaluator, and decision-maker. The learner is a person with various needs and they need to be considered as an integral part of learning, as also must the specific life contexts of those people who are involved in the process of teaching and learning. Effective learning involves not only acquisition of strategies, but also the monitoring and reviewing the learning in order to ascertain whether particular strategies were effective. A classroom is viewed as a very complex and multifaceted environment. Therefore, for effective learning to be attained in such an environment, it requires clearly set out strategies. A learning process for it to be considere d effective needs to include those factors that the students view as being helpful to them. The modern learning institutions such as East London University have been at the forefront of providing university education, engaging and delivering a supportive learning environment for all the students irrespective of the social backgrounds and ages. The UEL also provides equipments such libraries, computers, adequate and qualified teaching staff, and a silent and serene environment for learning, although some of these factors pose some significant challenge. The paper is going to discuss those factors that the graduate students of University of East London (UEL) find useful to promote effective learning. Methodology A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative will be used (Collis, & Hussey, 2009).The relevant quantitative data collection methods for this research are surveys with closed-end questions and sampled the questionnaire after choosing 3 from 7 interviews. Qualitative data col lection methods were interviews. The advantage of these interviews is that it allows the interviewer to clarify the subject answers and seek for follow-up information. Since the utilization of one method is considered to relay more coherent and accurate results, the research document was more inclined in utilizing interviews. The other method of data collection was conduction of a survey (Collis & Hussey, 2009). The interviews were conducted on seven University of Eas