Mixed Method Research Design Essay

Introduction. This essay is devoted to a mixed method research design. In the paper special attention is paid to quantitative and qualitative approach for the design of a research as essential components of a mixed research paradigm. A mixed method design. There are main research paradigms in education and science. They are: quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed research. A mixed research design is a general type of research that includes quantitative and qualitative research data, techniques and methods. All these paradigm characteristics are mixed in one case study. This method design involves research that uses mixed data (numbers and text) and additional means (statistics and text analysis). A mixed method uses both deductive and inductive scientific method, has multiple forms of data collecting and produces eclectic and pragmatic reports (Creswell 2002, p.69).   Two main types of a mixed method are: mixed method and mixed model research. A mixed research method is a research in which you use quantitative data for one stage of a research study and qualitative data for a second stage of a research. A mixed model design is a research in which you use both quantitative and qualitative data in one or two stages of the research process. The mixing of quantitative and qualitative approaches happens in every stage of a research. In a research it is important to use a mixed research method for the conducting of a detailed research. The advantages of a mixed research are: The strength of the research; Use of multiple methods in a research helps to research a process or a problem from all sides; Usage of different approaches helps to focus on a single process and confirms the data accuracy. A mixed research complements a result from one type of research with another one. This research does not miss any available data. Difference of quantitative and qualitative components of a mixed method design. A quantitative component of a mixed research assumes the usage of deductive scientific method while qualitative component assumes inductive scientific method. Moreover, a quantitative approach collects quantitative data based on exact measurement applying structured as well as validated information collection (Creswell 2002, p.74). For instance, rating scales, closed-ended items and responses. This approach produces statistical report with correlations. A qualitative component uses qualitative information. For instance, interview, field notes, open-ended questions etc. This approach considers a researcher to be the major means of information collection. At the end of a research this approach supposes a narrative report with context description, quotations taken from research material. It is important to stress that there are many ways of research performing. Quantitative and qualitative methods have their advantages and disadvantages in a research. However, you may summarize the advantages of both methods and have accurate information on implementation, findings and conclusions of your research project. Qualitative and quantitative research methods have different strengths, weaknesses and requirements that affect researcher’s project accuracy. The aim of a mixed method design is to summarize positive aspects of two approaches and produce a highly accurate data (Creswell 2002, p.98). When you use several methods in your research process, then you can use the strength of every type of information collection and minimize the weak points of every of both approaches. A mixed method approach of gathering and evaluation can increase the validity and accuracy of the information. Conclusion. The essay briefly analyzes a mixed method research design including the major components: quantitative and qualitative approach for the design of a research. The paper proves the effectiveness of a mixed method design. References. Creswell J. W. (2002). â€Å"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Appro†. Sage Publications; 2 edition, 246 pp.

Jilted-Sylvia Plath: Analysis on Craftsmanship

The poem â€Å"Jilted†, written by Sylvia Plath, has its subject based on the disappointment of love which resulted from a female being neglected by her male lover, who probably must have gone off in pursuit of another female. This poem has a simple abab rhyme scheme. The words of this poem were expertly chosen to describe the sour and acidic feelings that accompany betrayal and abandonment. Overall, it is obvious that the tone of this poem is sour and caustic. The title â€Å"jilted† is a word that has harsh sound which already hints to readers that the poem is not about any pleasant or happy experiences. In the first stanza, Plath compares her tears to vinegar, which is a substance that is corrosive, pungent, and stinging. The word vinegar shows on a surface level that her relationship was over, emphasizing the fact that she is extremely depressed. Later, she refers to an acetic star and a caustic wind. All of these rich imageries imply a tone that is harsh and corrosive. By comparing her tears to â€Å"vinegar†, Plath successfully expressed the idea that not only the crying was sad, but the tear in itself was sad. This creates a realistic image of her sadness after being abandoned by her lover. In the second stanza, Plath uses the imagery of a sour expression that ensues after tasting a lemon to describe her inner feelings. â€Å"Wry-face† suggests that Plath is disgusted, disappointed, and perhaps annoyed. The phrase â€Å"sour lemon moon† is a symbol of loneliness and desolation. This metaphor gives us the image that the female has left earthly life and has transcended to a secluded and private spot so that she can grieve over her bad relationship. This also helps indirectly suggest she is now alone and her lover has left her for someone else. In the last stanza, Plath metaphorically compares her drooping and wilted heart to that of a small, sour, unripe plum. Plath expresses her pain at being jilted and describes her disposition of being sour and caustic, and her heart now wilted. Plath uses the phrase â€Å"my lean, unripened heart† to tell her readers she is so badly hurt that her heart may never recover or heal. The purpose of the poem is to express dissatisfaction and unhappiness for a personal experience of Plath. Every word Plath used strengthens the mood of the entire poem that is filled with bitterness.

The power of the media to shape our perceptions and understanding of Research Paper

The power of the media to shape our perceptions and understanding of reality on gun control - Research Paper Example It is important to note that in these incidences, the media coverage of the live happenings has always been extensive giving the perpetrator of such violence a lot of fame. Various segments of the society have reacted to such incidences with diverging and converging opinions on what should be the best way forward. While the Obama administration has been on the forefront proposing stringent measures for the purposes of reducing or eliminating repeat occurrence, Republicans have a different view on how to address the whole matter. Religious groups and civil society have not spoken in one voice although one may deduce that everyone desires some changes in regards to how the whole issue should be addressed. Some of the emerging schools of thoughts that have come put have to do with logic behind issuance of guns, the ethical and practical implications of the solutions proposed for adoption as policy. Probably the big challenge is that the incidences that have occurred cannot qualify to be categorized as organized crimes. They are spontaneous reactions from private citizens with unforeseeable emotional and psychological instabilities. This has made generalizations very difficult. It has even begged the question whether first time offenders of gun violence can be treated as criminals or patients unlucky enough to be roaming outside instead of being attended to in mental programs. The media is one of the most powerful tools with regards to the flow of information. Most people have a lot of trust in the media. The view of the media is considered by many to be the right view. For this reason, it is easy to manipulate the public through various media platforms. Over the years, politicians and law makers as well as various governments have used this blind trust that the audiences have to propagate different agendas. This aspect of blind trust has been described by Robertson Davies in the following quote, â€Å"The eyes sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehendâ₠¬ . This quote insinuates that the media has the tendency to change the view of its audience, their attitudes, level of knowledge, and ideal about overall subject. Gun control is one of the most commonly discussed subjects by the media. However, this subject has been discussed in an impartial manner. In other words, the media has not been able to discuss both sides of gun control matter. . This paper shall analyze the effect of media on people’s perception of gun control Background In the American society, gun control issues have now topped the list of communication trends. Incidents such as Virginia Tech University (2007), Tucson Arizona (2011), movie theatre at Aurora Colorado (2012), Newtown Connecticut (2013) etc. have been made the topic of discussion in many media broadcast sessions. Consequently, these media broadcasts have shaped biased perspective regarding gun control Different people have varied views with regard to the gun control debate. Most of these views are directly related to the hype on gun control propagated by the media. After the incident in New Connecticut, the enforcement of the gun control laws took a different turn. The following graph that appeared on edition.cnn.com under the heading How Media Lose Interest in gun control by Danny Hayes indicates the trend of coverage of gun control by different media news channels (Hayes, Why this gun control debate has been different

ALQAIDA TERRORIST ATTACK ON NEW YORK CITYS TIMES SQUARE DURING THE Essay

ALQAIDA TERRORIST ATTACK ON NEW YORK CITYS TIMES SQUARE DURING THE ANNUAL NEW YEARS EVE CELEBRATION USING CONCEALED IMPOVISED SPRAYING DEVICES TO DELIVER AN - Essay Example This forms the backdrop for this paper, which weighs the pros and cons on whether the al Qaeda has the motivation and capability to develop and use bio-weapons to carry out its mission of terror. A significant portion of the paper builds up the view that there is such an inclination, and that the likeliest targets are major US cities. The strongest candidate may be New York City, the possible terror attack to coincide with the traditional celebration of New Year's Eve. Part of the reasons is that in all the post-9/11 celebrations, the hundreds of thousands of Americans who joined the revelry came to challenge the terrorists to do their worst, invoking their sense of patriotism and hatred for terrorism. This constitutes a temptation that terrorists may not be able to resist. The most important section of the paper then sketches the possible actions that New York City and the federal government would take if and when such a bio-terror attack takes place. It also evaluates the wisdom and sufficiency of the preventive measures that the city and federal governments were compelled to undertake in the aftermath of 9/11 and the 2001 anthrax scare. Among the questions we want to address is the preparedness and capabilities of the city and federal health systems to deal with a large-scale bio-chemical attack, which represents the new threat to world peace and security that the world's health and defense systems have little familiarity as yet. Can the authorities act with efficiency and dispatch to minimize the loss of lives and confine the damageChapter 2 - Biochemical Weapons Biochemical weapons appeal to terrorists for three reasons: 1) they are easier and cheaper to acquire than nuclear devices and cause more casualties; 2) their effects on target population are hard to detect and counter; and 3) the threat of their use causes fear, which element the terrorists love most. The use of bio-weapons actually goes back to the siege

An Ideal Husband Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

An Ideal Husband - Essay Example Lord Goring also tries to test as to what Lady Chiltern will do if she comes to know of Sir Chiltern’s shady past and tries to convince Lady Chiltern to be charitable when it comes to forgiving her husband. In the mean time Mrs. Cheveley tells Lady Chiltern about Sir Robert’s ill gotten wealth and on knowing this Lady Chiltern refuses to forgive Sir Robert for his dishonesty. In this Act lot of confusion ensues between Sir Chiltern and Lord Goring because Sir Chiltern believes that Mrs. Cheveley sitting in Goring’s drawing room is an evil lady while Goring believing that particular lady to be Lady Chiltern, tries to defend her character before Sir Robert. When Sir Robert leaves, Goring manages to get the letter which is a proof of Sir Robert’s shady past from Cheveley by scaring her of trusting her to the authorities for stealing a piece of jewelry. However, Mrs. Cheveley manages to steal the letter Lady Chiltern wrote to Goring and tells him that she will show that letter to Sir Robert to prove that Goring has a relationship with Lady Chiltern. In this Act all the confusions and misunderstandings get resolved and Lord Goring convinces Lady Chiltern to forgive her husband Robert and allow him to carry on with his public life. In the mean time Lord Goring also proposes marriage to Mabel Chiltern which she gladly accepts. All the controversies get resolved and all the major characters in the play end up getting what they

Business Law - Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business Law - - Term Paper Example Joseph buys a Tefal Pan Actifry. The pan catches fire and burns the members of the family. There are three questions, the first question pertains to the moral obligation which the company owes him, the second question pertains to negligence of the product and the third question pertains to the legal contract between Joseph and the product seller. Joseph Price was a purchaser of Tefal Actifry. He contended to the quality and way the product was made, and therefore the company was under a moral and legal obligation to sell him good quality product. However, in the use of the product, it turned out to be a faulty one and therefore under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the consumer, which in this case is Joseph Price, has a right to avail from the manufacturers of the faulty goods, which in this case is Tefal Actifry. Under the law laid down in Section 48 (b) of the Sale of Goods Act, it is pertinent to note that the law allows the consumer to file for complaints when the goods sold by the seller turns out to be faulty and wrongly made. Acting on behalf of Jospeph as his legal advisor, I would advise him to file a suit against Tefal Actifry and hold them liable under Section 48 (b) in which case they shall be punished by the Court of law. The seller in this case has to replace the goods since the actifry turned out to be non-functional, dangerous, and extremely faulty for the people who use it. Even though the company claims that only 0.4 per cent of the products are faulty, it does not rule out the fact that those who used it and in the case my client Joseph Price, and to those it had turned out to be faulty, the company should incur the damages and replace the faulty product with a better fool proof product. In the case of Bowes v Richardson & Son Ltd, 28 January 2004 the consumer was allowed to reject the faulty car after a period of 7 months. Dave and Sandra (Joseph’s parents) suffered burns and a lung

The Cheesecake Factory Marketing Plan Research Paper

The Cheesecake Factory Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that the Cheesecake Factory is one of the successful American stories. The company has bagged some awards like the 2010 Zagat award for best dessert and best salads, 2010 Halo gold award for the best cause marketing event, etc. The Cheesecake Factory is planning to expand its business over the next five years in around five countries such as United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the Middle East and North Africa, Europe, Russia, and Turkey. The country where the Cheesecake Factory can trade in is Europe. Europe market is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 0.37% in 2008-2011. The top companies are expected to supply at a rate of 23%. The largest market is Germany with a total share of 25%. The company deals in with bakery products. They produce good quality of cheesecakes and involve a lot of innovation in their products. The new product to be launched is the ‘Green Tea Cheesecake’. The company target market is people who love to have bakery products, dessert. The environment of the hotel is such which makes customers love the place and its offerings. It s target audience is consumers right from a kid to elders people. The US has always experienced a deficit in the bakery products. Its trade deficit was large with Canada and Europe. The condition improved in 2002 where the import value stood at $685 million. Since then the US market has been growing in terms of bakery products. Since the trade condition has improved, the company can take advantage and expand its business in countries where the trade conditions has improved. The company has been dealing in bakery products, and is planning to expand in other countries. The best option would be to expand in Europe. The company is a sole proprietary. It started of its business in the year 1978 and till date it has been among the top most company. The factory was started by Oscar and Evelyn Overton and eventually it was handed by their son David. David founded The Cheesecake Factory restaurant in Beverly Hills, California. Marketing Plan The European market produces 25millions of bread each year with the industrial plant share of 8 million tons. The craft bakers represent the bread production for about 48% of the total volume. The plant bakeries have a market share of 75% to 80% of market share. The fastest growing sector is the in store bakeries, as the retail market is booming and the retailers gain a market share (The Federation of Bakers, 2007). The retail bakery market in Europe was estimated to be 65.5 billion by 2000. There has been a variation in the European countries. In states like Italy and Sweden, the market grew from 12% to 17% in 2000. But in large markets like France and Germany, it grew only by 4% and 3% respectively. The per capita consumption in Europe is generally high as compared to other countries (Payne, 2003, p.25). There has been a good trend of bakery market in Europe. Thus the Cheesecake Factory would be able to adopt itself in the European market. The market has a good opportunity and the potential to grow is also high in the market. The industry is of bakery product, therefore there is no barrier to enter and exit. The European market is an open market. The barriers for entry are low. The European

Scenario planning for Globilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario planning for Globilization - Essay Example This reduction was first attributed to the growing number of mountain bark beetles by a forest ecologist, Scott Green from the University of Northern British Columbia. In the past, the pine forest used to recede in summer but would regain its density in the winter. But over the past 20 years or more, the mountain bark beetles have reproduced in such large numbers, that winters have hardly done any job to reduce their number, and the extinction of the pine forests have sustained equally through winter as they did in the summer. Recent research has shown the influence of rise in temperature upon the tendency of the mountain bark beetles to breed. With an overall rise of 2?C in the global temperature since 2010, the mountain bark beetles have increased in number by millions. Forest ecologists are of the view that if the present rate of greenhouse gas emission sustains for another decade, the mountain bark beetles would become the biggest threat to forests all over the world. Story 2: Ov er the last two decades, droughts and floods have frequently been occurring as a consequence of the 2?C rise in the global temperature since 2010. The biggest sufferings have been noticed in the Arctic. For the last twenty years or more, the temperature of air in the Arctic has increased at a speed twice as much as that for the other parts of the world. Accordingly, an overall increase of 4?C has been noticed in the Arctic. More than half of the total volume of summer sea ice in the Arctic has liquefied and flowed into the water over the last twenty years. This has majorly happened as a result of insufficient temperature controlling measures taken since 2010, since the scientists then expected this volume to recede not before 2100. The reality squeezed that period of ninety years into twenty years and the precautionary measures that were designed according to a ninety year period have proved just too insufficient. As a result of the massive loss of ice in the Arctic, polar bears hav e become extinct for the last five years. They are nowhere to be seen but the intensive care units designed by the WWF for the preservation of extinguishing animal species. The veterans are proposing new medications and techniques to increase the breeding rate of polar bears, but many are skeptical about the usability of these techniques since the polar bears can not be provided with natural habitat in ice after birth. Once released, many would die because of the loss of habitat like their ancestors. Story 3: The ice sheets have melted away with an enormous speed since 2010. The drought and spread of epidemics noticed in the last five years is fundamentally attributed to the rise of sea levels. The number and enormity of tropical cyclones has been greatly affected by the heat developing in the seas. Number of storms has generally remained the same as they were five decades ago, though typhoons and hurricanes have dangerously increased both in number and intensity. In the US, parts o f Gulf Coast and East Coast have been hit hard by the typhoons, while coastal flooding has become a routine in New York. In the two consecutive years; 2028 and 2029, Queens and Brooklyn have seen some of the worst natural disasters of the past 100 years. The two foot rise of the sea level has also generated many hurricanes in Shanghai, Bangkok, London, Venice and Cairo since 2025. People have

Discuss the current status of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in Research Paper

Discuss the current status of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) in the United States. What still must be accomplished to make t - Research Paper Example Due to the wide acceptance of the benefits to be reaped from such a system the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was passed in 2009, which promoted a national combined health information system to be developed. (Jha et al, 2009) A recent study suggested that levels of adoption ranged from 5%-59%-the reason being that there is a wide difference amongst practitioners about what functionalities are constituted in an electronic health record. Keeping in line with this drawback the Institute of Medicine has outlined a list of prospective functionalities that relate to an electronic health recording system. (Jha, et al, 2009) In 2010, congress and the Obama administration provided the health care community with a tool to increase the advancement of the electronic health records. It would make incentive payments totaling $27 billion to clinicians and independent physicians in order to adopt a countrywide electronic health record system. Together with the help of the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Department of Health and Human Services has decided upon a latest criterion to be followed in 2011 and 2012. These firstly include the core objectives, which is the entry of the basic medical history, demographics, smoking status, vital signs, active medications, allergies etc. of a patient. Other core objectives include several software applications that include the safety, efficiency and quality of healthcare. The secondary (but just as essential) group includes ten tasks out of which any five have to be adopted. The tasks include: drug formulatory checks, clinical laboratories, reminders to patients, and patient-particular health resources to educate them. The Department of Health and Human Services has also devised a system of certifying electronic health records so that users can be sure that they are truthful and exact. (David Bluementhal&MarrelynTavenner, 2010) Impact on nurse staffing: The study by Kossman, Susan P. RN, Scheidenhelm, and Sandra N. RN tries to measure and relate the use of electronic health records to the job performance of nurses and the impact that it has on patients care. The sample included 46 nurses from medical-surgical and intensive care units from two community hospitals in the U.S. The results showed that the electronic health records helped them track important patient material and reports faster through easier and faster access to information, screen alerts and better organization of data. However, the nurses reported that the record process took about 73% of their time and took time away from the care that they could give to patients. The nurses reported that although the use of electronic information systems and electronic health records increased the safety of medical care it decreased the quality of their nursing. (Kossman, Susan P. RN, Scheidenhelm, and Sandra N. RN, 2008) In order to further understand whether electronic health records improve nurse’ job performance and therefore stimu late safe patient care we can use the findings of the study- Perceptions of impact of electronic health records on nurse’ work. (Susan P. Kossman, 2006) Refining medical care for citizens is an international struggle and in keeping with this the Institute of Medicine has described problems with nurse’s work such as problems with staffing, unsafe work conditions, and poor workplace design. The study by

Maternal Stress and the Effects of Childhood Development Essay Example for Free

Maternal Stress and the Effects of Childhood Development Essay In conducting my research on developmental studies, I had the chance to review many academic journals with many different studies. I chose to read, â€Å"The Role of Prenatal Maternal Stress in Child Development,† by Janet A.DiPietro in the, Current Directions in Psychological Science journal. The title of the study itself does identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is the effect of stress, and the dependent variable is the child’s development. In reading the introduction, I learned that throughout history people have thought that the emotions and experiences of a pregnant woman impinge on her developing fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) I also learned that there are no direct neural connections between the mother and fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) The journal went on to describe the physiological processes involved in mother to fetus bio-chemical and hormonal functions. The main studies used in determining theoretical explanations throughout history, have been in animal studies. According to DiPietro (2004), â€Å"the most compelling evidence between maternal physiological functioning and later development in offspring is found in animal studies.† (p. 1). The hypothesis of this study suggests that maternal stressors are more far-reaching on child behavior than previously suspected. (DiPietro, 2004). The main way that this hypothesis has been studied is by utilizing animal research. In a series of studies done with rhesus monkeys, when the mothers were exposed to loud noises throughout pregnancy, the offspring showed delayed motor development and reduced attention. (DiPietro, 2004) It does seem that most of the studies conducted on animals have reported negative consequences. Although reports of either no effects or beneficial ones make it clear that much is left to be learned about the specific characteristics of stressors that either accelerate or retard development. (DiPietro, 2004) The subjects used in the methods section were humans. Although, according to the article, this is difficult to study in the human because of the physiological differences during the pregnancies of the different species, and the fact that researchers are unable to control events that transpire after birth in humans. (DiPietro, 2004) Therefore, there are no graphs, charts or statistical measures seen in this article. There were several methods used to analyze the data in this article. One was the survey. Surveys were done with mothers who had witnessed a catastrophic even such as the World Trade Center disaster, or an earthquake. Although the study was able to show that the mother was indeed stressed during pregnancy, there was no study conducted on the outcome of the child. (DiPietro, 2004) Another method had mothers report about their stress incurred during pregnancy, and then an observer and not a parent rated the infant’s behavior. The article suggests that even the resulting information in this study may be skewed, because the studies relied on the Mother’s reports of their children’s problems. It finally became apparent through this study that the only way for the researchers to examine the effects of stressors on the fetus was to subject women to a non-invasive stressor and then measure fetal response. (DiPietro, 2004) They gave these women a standardized test called the, Stroop Color-Word Test. (DiPietro, 2004) The test caused the women to feel cognitively challenged, therefore inducing increased physiological responses in mother, but interestingly, not in the fetus. Fetal motor activity was actually suppressed, according to the study. (DiPietro, 2004) The final results of the study showed that higher maternal anxiety midway through pregnancy were strongly associated with better motor and mental development scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. (DiPietro, 2004) Interestingly, the research conducted on humans, showed that the effects on the developing child are opposite of the effects on animals. The article ends with this statement, â€Å" Too much or too little stress may impede development, but a moderate level may be formative or optimal. It seems that there is really too little research on this area of study to come to a conclusion. I found this study to be very interesting and relevant to today’s issues within society, and especially the question of nature versus nurture. It makes me think about children who are displaying such violent behaviors such as shooting their classmates and parents. It makes me ask the question of what was going on in the mother’s environment during pregnancy? Did she have an easy, stress free, supported pregnancy, or was there fighting and unrest during the pregnancy? Could factors such as these affect the child and develop into what we label as sociopathic? It would be interesting to conduct a study of pregnant women in a prison setting versus pregnant women in an ideal pregnancy situation, and to study the offspring from birth to five years old. Would the affects of the pregnant woman in prison create certain developmental issues in the children? Does it even matter? These questions and many more within the psychology realm are what make this a fascinating discipline to study. It truly is the nature of ourselves that we get to ask questions about, and find the deeper, hidden meanings. References DiPietro, J. A. (2004, April). The role of prenatal maternal stress in child development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2), 71-74. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182913

Characteristics of oligopoly market and the supermarket industry in the UK

Characteristics of oligopoly market and the supermarket industry in the UK The supermarket industry in the UK -Oligopoly Market The leading supermarkets in the UK commonly are known as the big 4, Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda and Morrisons. (oppapers, n.d) It is not doubt that the UK supermarket industry is an oligopoly market because the industry fits the characteristics of the oligopoly. According to Anderton (2008: 322), An oligopolistic market is one where a small number of interdependent firms compete with each other. The UK supermarket industry is a dominant example of it. Anderton also points out oligopolistic market share a number of characteristics that the industry fits of them. First, there are only four large supermarkets in the market. Second, barriers to entry tend to be high. Third, competition in the UK supermarket industry tends to take the form of non-price competition. Fourth, firms are interdependent. For example, the actions of Tesco will have a direct impact on other forms. Some researches show that supermarkets in the UK have advantages for consumers, which include more products that are funct ional and special service such as home shopping service. However, this market structure creates a situation that is more disadvantages for consumers as collusion and high market share. The noted benefits of the market structure for consumers are the innovations of the industry and economies of scale. First, as AmosWEB (n.d) indicates that the innovations such as advance the level of technology, expand production function, increase economic growth are likely been developed by oligopoly and the motive of innovations comes from interdependent competition. According to the Anderton (2008:328), Supermarkets keep a close eye on the activities of other firms in the industry. Anderton (2008:328) also points out, the kinked demand curve model below assumes that if one firm increases its price, the other firms will react asymmetrically to a change in the price. As a result, the supermarket would not increase their price to earn more profits. Therefore, prices in oligopolistic markets seem not to change as much as perfectly competitive markets, which call price rigidity. (Anderton, 2008:323) The supermarket have to innovate so that they can improve their technology such as se lf-scanning machines, create some new productions for consumers and lead them to higher living standards. Secondly, non-price competition is a main characteristic of the UK supermarket industry and has some advantages for consumers. In oligopoly, the marketing mix is epitomized in the 4Ps- price, place, product and promotion. If one firm in this marketing structure wants to earn more profits, it has to take away sales from other firms. Thus, supermarkets will tend to produce products, which needed for their consumers, and offer some special services. According to tutor2u (n.d), there are some examples can show that consumers have benefit from it. For instance, store loyalty cards, home delivery systems, discounted petrol at hyper-markets, extension of opening hours (24 hour shopping in many stores) and internet shopping for consumers. As Supermarket (2008) found that Asda continued to improve its home shopping service. Asda is the UKs second biggest food home shopping business online and now covers more than 90% of the UK population. In order to meet demand in Christmas, Asda has increas ed plenty of delivery slots by 40% compared to 2007. Non-food products are also been offering to on-line shoppers by the supermarket in the UK. Therefore, the UK supermarkets indeed have benefit for consumers. However, the UK supermarket industry has several problems. The main disadvantage for the consumers is collusion. If one firm wants to increase the price in this market structure, it will not gain more profit because other firm will not react. As a result, firms may collude to set price. Collusion is two or more firms secretly agreed to control the prices, production or other aspects of the market. When the firms do so, collusion means the firms behavior tend to be a monopoly. Thus, they can set a monopoly price monopoly quantity produced, and allocate resources are inefficiently as monopoly. (Anderton, 2008:323) Major supermarkets in the UK have large amounts of power and may even collude to set prices, which is illegal. If the firms collude to set price, consumers need to worry about not only the high prices but also the possibility of a low quality product. As Harry (2007) reported that according to the Office of Fair Trading, Britains biggest supermarkets have been fixing the prices of milk, butter and cheese at a cost to the consumer of  £270 million. Because of colluding with five leading dairy producers to raise the prices of milk, butter and cheese between 2002 and 2003, Asda, Morrisons, Safeway, Sainsburys and Tesco were accused by the OFT. Andrew Groves, the leader of OFT investigation, said that Collusion between retailers is a serious illegal behavior and any exchange of information between retailers is certainly change prices so that the consumers become sufferers. (Harry, 2007) As Barriers to entry in the supermarket industry are extremely high, four main UK supermarkets have sharing the massive market. Small retailers are hard to compete with large supermarkets and survive although the government will incentives them such as grants and tax relief. (Socyberty, 2007) Alexander (2008) points out that the High Street 2015 reported the erosion of the small shop is likely to have a catastrophic impact on future consumer choice. Consumers will be the biggest losers because limited choice of store brands, limited choice of available products, and limited choice of shopping locations, higher prices and reduced consumer service are the possibilities in 2015. Therefore, consumers choice is reducing and may lose their benefits. To sum up, the supermarket industry in the UK is less to the benefit of consumers. The firms in the supermarket industry are able to collude and set price. It is bad for the market to adjust the price. The demise of the small shop would mean that consumers would be disadvantaged. However, in oligopoly market, not all the structure is bad for the consumers. The market competition between the supermarkets can improve the technology in logistics and creations new productions to decrease the cost. If the government interventions are able to use more efficient to prevent collusion, then the price of the production will be more stable and available. If the government can have more policy to protect the small shop for the convenience of consumer, the supermarket industry will be more benefit to the consumer. References Alexander, A; Bailey, A; Hamlett, J and Shaw, G (2008) [Online] Regulating UK supermarkets: an oral-history perspective http://www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-70.html (Accessed: 25th February 2010) AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia (n.d) [Online] oligopoly http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=oligopoly (Accessed: 4th February 2010) Anderton, A. (2008). Economics (5th Edition) Harlow: Pearson Education Harry W (2007) [Online] UK supermarkets fixed milk and cheese prices 2007 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1563663/UK-supermarkets-fixed-milk-and-cheese-prices.html (Accessed: 7th February 2010) Socyberty (2007) [Online] Government Intervention In The UK Supermarket Industry http://socyberty.com/economics/government-intervention-in-the-uk-supermarket-industry/ (Accessed: 25th February 2010) Supermarket (2008) [Online] Middle class bargain hunters boost sales at Asda http://www.supermarket.co.za/news_detail.asp?ID=1082 (Accessed: 6th February 2010) Tutor2u (2004) [Online] A2 Economics http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision_focus_2004/A2_Oligopoly.pdf) (Accessed: 7th February 2010) Tutor2u (n.d) [Online] oligopoly http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/oligopoly_notes.htm (Accessed: 6th February 2010) Uk Grocery Market (n.d) [Online] Uk Grocery Market http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Uk-Grocery-Market/157719 (Accessed: 30th January 2010)

Jazz and Blues Feedback to Jamaica :: essays papers

Jazz and Blues Feedback to Jamaica Music seems to mimic time in a way. As the human race passes through history, the music and its language acts in essence as a speculum of human culture and its path, lavish with its longings, its grief, but always stirring (Santoro, 2). In this paper, I will walk down this path, and show the significance music has played on the Jamaican and American cultures. This paper will illustrate the profound influence that American music, primarily jazz and blues, had on Jamaican reggae, and by breaking down each type of music to a simple rhythm, I will show the relationships between them. If asked about the origins of Jamaican folk culture, some people might answer that it originated in Africa and remained undisturbed by other cultures (such as Europe). Even though Jamaicans are mostly of African descent, Jamaica’s only language in none other that English (Chang and Chen, 10). Whether the race or language influenced Jamaica’s culture, has been a question of long debate. Professor Rex Nettleford, a noted social commentator, sees the language of a nation as ‘the primary bearer of social genes.’ Professor Nettleford answers the question by explaining the Jamaican experience: Africa is indeed tolerated in spurts of sycretised or reinterpreted folk-lore — a little bit of dance, a little bit of music, a little bit of story telling, and a few words lacing the Anglo-Saxon tongue with exotic tones and colour. But our formal education system, our accepted belief system, our art, law and morals, the legitimate customs and so many of our habits and perceived capabilities — all indicate of a so-called cultural sense are dominated by the European heritage (Chang and Chen, 10). The entire argument is conclusive and evident in most points, except the ‘little bit of [African] music,’ which is questionable. The roots of reggae music has been said to be fixed in slavery. The Rhythms, songs, and dances that survived well into the twentieth century in rural Jamaica are seen as solely African (Davis and Simon, 9). During the middle of the seventeenth century, Jamaica was basically a giant agricultural factory, used by a few British planters. The plantations worked by slaves imported from Africa made tremendous amounts of money, but the planters gleaned all the profits. Over the next 250 years when slavery was active, about thirty million Africans were brought to the New World, and is known as the largest forced migration in all of human history (Davis and Simon, 9).

Pitiful Human Condition Exposed in Endgame, Dumbwaiter, and The Horse D

The Pitiful Human Condition Exposed in Endgame, Dumbwaiter, and The Horse Dealer's Daughter      Ã‚   The three stories, The Endgame (Beckett), The Dumbwaiter (Pinter), and The Horse Dealer's Daughter (Lawrence) all deal with the themes of repression, repetition, and breakdowns in communication. The stories show us the subjectivity of language and exemplify the complexities of the human condition.    Samuel Beckett arrived on earth in Ireland on Good Friday, April 13, 1906. He then spent the rest of his life wanting to be somewhere else. Beckett's life was one of silence, solitude, and depression. He felt he did not belong in this world and he was disenchanted with societal convention and the hum-drum existence that was everyday life. He lived in Paris for awhile and became good friends with James Joyce, another Irish writer disenchanted with conventional ways of life.    Becketts works reflect his complex views of language, silence, and the ineffectual capacity of both to convey human thought. In Beckett's ideology, "Language is useless" and "he creates a mythical universe peopled by lonely creatures who struggle vainly to express the inexpressible. His characters exist in a terrible dreamlike vacuum, overcome by an overwhelming sense of bewilderment and grief, grotesquely attempting some form of communication, then crawling on, endlessly."    Beckett's short story, The Endgame, is about four people in an underground room waiting for death. The end of the world has apparently happened and they have survived in what is presumed to be a bomb shelter. Two of the characters live in trash cans. These two characters are the parents of our main character, Hamm, who is himself confined to a whe... ...he unconscious is the soul and all action should be from instinct. That is a scary thought!    Works Cited Beckett, Samuel. "The Endgame", (online) http://samuel-beckett.net Pinter, Harold. "The Dumb Waiter", The Caretaker and The Dumb Waiter, Grove Press, Inc., New York, 1965 Lawrence, D.H. "The Horse Dealer's Daughter", (online) "Samuel Beckett", (online) http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc7.htm "Harold Pinter", (online) http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc28.html Cliff Notes. "Harold Pinter - The Dumb Waiter"(online) Prentice Hall, (online) http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_guth_disclit_3/0,5308,342140-,00.html Nigel Harrison, Eastwood and D H Lawrence, (online) http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/nigel_h/dhl.htm Randall Albright, "The Horse Dealer's Daughter", (online) http://clik.to/rananim/   

The Problems of the Uninsured Essay -- Health Care

Scenario 1 Part A I would clarify the daughters’ confusion regarding Medicare versus Medicaid. Medicaid is a federal health insurance program which provides assistance to uninsured individuals who meet certain criteria. Medicare is a federal health program for persons over the age of 65 who qualify for social security benefits and certain disabilities (Cherry & Jacob, 2011). Mrs. Zwick qualifies for Medicare part A because she is over the age of 65, and most likely worked which makes her eligible for social security benefits. Her Medicare Part A plan will cover her hospital admission in full. Part A-Hospital Insurance will cover Mrs. Zwick for her five day hospital stay and continue to do so up to 55 more days after the first $1,068 (United States Government, n.d.). Because she met the criteria of a hospital stay of at least three days, her first 20 days at the skilled nursing facility will be covered 100%. Because her urinary tract infection was hospital acquired, Medicare will not reimburse the facility for any treatment or extended stay. Medicare considers a urinary catheter acquired infection a never event. This means that it should never have happened, or could have been prevented and therefore Medicare will not reimburse the facility (Torrey, 2011). Neither the daughter nor patient knows this was a hospital acquired infection and I would strongly suggest the health care provider to be forthright and tell the family. Medical Coding of conditions for the insurance company is how the hospital recei ves appropriate reimbursement, and a treatment that improperly coded could lead to fraud. Medicare states that a patient cannot be billed for any additional care needed to resolve a never event (Torrey, 2011). Medi... ...nses except for small copayments. References Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends, and Management (5th ed.). [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from http://www.pageburstls.elsevier.com Federal Government. (n.d.). FAQs For Employees About COBRA Continuation Health Coverage (Fact Sheet). Retrieved from FAQs For Employees About COBRA Continuation Health Coverage website: www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq-consumer-cobra.html Frontline (T.R. Reid). (2008, April 15). Sick Around the World [Television broadcast]. Germany: A popular, largely market-based system. Public Broadcasting Service. Torrey, T. (2011, November 27). There’s More To It Than Just Patient Safety. About.com Guide. Retrieved from http://patients.about.com United States Government. (n.d.). Medicare Benefits (Policy Brief). Retrieved from Medicare.gov: www.medicare.gov

The use of advertising strategy on men

Since the time communication process came into being, role of both electronic and print media has increased where they communicate all sorts of information to people across the globe. In the nineteenth and the twentieth century media has gone to unattainable heights and now in our times it is accessible to almost all parts of the globe. It introduces new trends, brings changes in the present culture of a society and tells about happenings around the world and this is how it also shapes opinions of people. Thus we can say that media plays a vital role in our lives and keeps us informed.But sometimes media takes a negative turn and shows such stuff which has a negative effect in different parts of societies. In ads, they portray women as thin, beautiful, sophisticated human beings and men as wealthy robots which have led to a reduction in self-acceptance of people. Beautiful bodies shown in those ads have increased the desire of common women to go on severe diet plans, go for the lates t whitening products and to go to such extremes which has also led to such disorders as anorexia, bulimia along with emotional disorders.Think of a beautiful woman and think about the definition of a beautiful woman for a second or two; we will realize that the only words that come to our mind, even if we are females, are big eyes, good height, perfect physique, beautiful hair etc instead of a good friend or colleague, perfect mother and a perfect wife etc. Even unconsciously we refer to women by the former words instead of the latter ones. Women are always appreciated by how they appear instead of who they really are, and the society has accepted it. Many factors are responsible for this wrong image projection which includes media as well as the gender discrimination.There are some aspects as to why females are facing such problems and are always cast in those roles that undermine their status and affect the entire female population negatively. One of books written on this subject is â€Å"Beauty Myth† by Naomi Wolf. This book was published in 1991. It focuses on female beauty, how it is used to project the wrong side of a â€Å"real woman† and how this beauty is creating problems for the modern women who want to be perfect by having cosmetic surgeries, or want to be size zero and are developing eating disorders and how this beauty contest is responsible for their jobs etc.Naomi wolf, in her book basically emphasizes that women in their culture are mostly projected as beauty symbols; the more lovely and delicate a woman more appreciation she gets from the members of society. In 1990s many women rose to prestigious positions, they expanded themselves in terms of education, careers along with managing their families but they also became self-conscious and their youthfulness and focused more on ways of retaining it. Our communication and print media has spread a lot in the past two decades and this has lead to an increase in the advertisements.The women of modern times; are constantly bombarded with the images of a perfect girl; who is flawless, she is not a day over 25 years, elegant and smart. Women now judge themselves according to these standards set by the people who undermine women and who are responsible for low self-esteem and low self-confidence in women. They have started to spend more money on surgeries, on diet food and medicines that they think can give them a good body. In the past women were not allowed to educate themselves, they were thought not suitable partners if they read too much.Most of the female population doesn’t need to face this problem now instead they are faced with a more gruesome problem of being pretty and perfect as portrayed in many advertisements that are shown on media. There are many advertisements that portray this beautiful and perfect woman image while undermining rest of the female population. One of the ads is of a skin whitening cream â€Å"Fair and Lovely† which has c aused severe racial problems in South Asia especially in India.Over there majority of the population has a dark complexion and they are always trying to lighten it by going for the latest whitening products launched in their markets or for bleaching their skins. The ad of this beauty product that is on air nowadays in South Asian countries is of a young girl wanting to be an anchor on television. The ad is not in English but one can understand the meaning instantly by watching it. The auditions are in one month and her only hurdle is her dark skin.The ad not only claims skin lightening in one month but also mentions that the girl’s dreams are fulfilled as she secures the job once she uses the product. A similar kind of ad was on air in India some time ago. In this ad they were showing that a girl wanted to be an air-hostess and the same theme was repeated that she became one by using those specific products. All these products project the same thing; fair complexion can help you to do anything and that with fair skin all the dreams are going to be fulfilled.Now if we look into these advertisements closely what they are actually trying to portray is that women are nothing without a fair complexion. They can’t achieve their goals and think high. Beauty is what is needed in today’s world; most of all a light complexion is what is really needed to take a female to higher positions and get her employed in her desired area. In South Asian regions such ads are very common and are watched by thousands. So they are continually affecting the mentality of girls and women. A white complexioned girl thinks that she has all what is needed in a practical world which is actually totally opposite.Then such ads are also constantly making these women self-conscious in a wrong way. These are crushing the confidence of girls. They think that to succeed in life they need to have a fair complexion and have to be the image of a â€Å"perfect woman†. The ot her advertisement that I will take up are the advertisements that show women smokers. These ads are mostly Western but the trend of smoking is also coming to other regions causing a negative image. These ads basically try to show that women who smoke are more powerful, affluent and are considered a threat to men.They also mention that if you want to finish this hushed discrimination and become equivalent to men you have to smoke. That is how they are going to add you up in their circle. The other negative affect of such ads is that if a prominent and popular person of a group smokes maybe her peers will follow suit. They find it fashionable and think that they are desired to do this to be accepted by that person. Such ads can also become favorites of teenagers and they are more likely to start using such just by being impressed by these ads.Naomi Wolf ; the writer of the book; â€Å"Beauty Myth† has not only mentioned the negative effects of beauty and how it is used to under mine women and the role of media in it but she has also written about how media plays a role in making men conscious of the things they lack. Media can’t portray men as beautiful because men who are mostly successful can be short or of dark complexion. So they give the image of a very successful man, living in a luxurious apartment, surrounded by the most expensive items and mostly beautiful women as well; meaning that all his desires are fulfilled.So in a way men have gotten away rather easily than women. They don’t have to have a beautiful bone structure or a pretty face or a good height. The only thing that they really need is bank balance to be attractive, a house in an elite area, most prestigious golf club membership and there you have the most eligible and perfect man. There are also many ads which have a negative image on men. Men are mostly faced with the big problem of baldness. No doubt that this is a serious problem faced by men of both the West and the Eas t but not to an extent to cause depression for the male population.Hair loss is one of the main worries of male population after aging and memory loss. Those who are suffering from hair loss are more likely to feel unattractive and aged as hair loss is directly related to aging. For some men hair is given more priority. They also think that they become less noticeable and are made fun of. Hair loss is a worry for men of all ages but it causes serious concern in young men. Media takes advantage of the above mentioned problem of men and creates a negative effect on them.Nowadays it has become customary of the electronic as well as the print media to show ads of men losing their hair and then getting hair transplants. Advertisement may start off with a before and an after scene. Before: bald man goes somewhere and women don’t give him any attention. After: he goes to that place again after having a hair transplant and he is accepted as a young person. These ad’s cause a v ery depressing and negative image for the men since not all are born with great hairs. These ads are somewhat similar to the whitening cream ads made for women.As they tell us the same thing that men are not eligible, successful and liked by the females and their own colleagues if they are bald, now how many of us think that there is some truth in this sentence because life isn’t about looking great all the time. Hair transplants may be necessary for men working in electronic media and have to be attractive to get more roles and to have a younger look but common people don’t need to have hair transplants. The other category of advertisement which effect men negatively are the ads of energy drinks.They usually say that a person will become super active and will perform all the tasks that he had not been able to do in the past. Some of the other ads are of steroids; which tell men that they can become more competent by using them. Most athletes/sports men tend to use ste roids against the law for winning the specific game and to make world records. The thing that they don’t know is that the steroids also have many side effects which can be mild or severe. Men who use steroids have hormonal imbalances. If they are more aggressive than their growth is also affected.There were some of the ads which affect both men and women negatively making both of these genders extra conscious of their outlook. These advertisements have awakened the human primitive instincts of being likened and cherished by everyone. Now instead of being happy in their lives, success and fortune, both the genders are focusing on how to improve themselves in order to look like the TV models. And if they fail to accomplish this goal, they become depressed and feel that they aren’t worth anything. Other such advertisement includes the ads of new technologies and the new fashions in clothing, accessories etc.are being introduced which is increasing extravagance among peopl e. Looking good is everyone’s right as it also leads to a boost in self-confidence. Maintaining oneself comes in the same category and using products which aid that maintenance program is appreciated and is good. But we should remember to use them within the tolerable limits and not overuse them. Unless and until something is done to stop such kind of advertisements both the genders along with many other parts of society are going to suffer.Men and women may find it easier to relate to ads that show normal people with their normal problems. God has made people beautiful because He also likes beauty which we can see in this world and have a proof. But to use beauty to portray negative images is wrongly done by media. I totally agree with the way ‘Naomi Wolf† has described the way women are used in ads to undermine their personalities. As long as advertisements of such products continue to appear on print and electronic media we will constantly watch pretty faces ma king our lives miserable and increasing our personal suffering.Bibliography Etcoff, N. L. (1999) Survival of the Prettiest: The Science of Beauty. Doubleday Weiss, S. I. (2002) Coping with the Beauty Myth: A Guide for Real Girls. The Rosen Publishing Group Lakoff, R. T. , Scherr, R. L. (1984) Face Value, the Politics of Beauty: The Politics of Beauty. Routledge Bell, E. , Haas, L. , Sells. (n. d. ) From Mouse to Mermaid: The Politics of Film, Gender, and Culture. Indiana University Press Freedman, R. J. (1986) Beauty Bound. Lexington Books

Circulatory System Essay

The heart and blood are the transport system in the body. This assignment looks at the structure and function of the circulatory system and also includes a diagram of the circulatory system. The heart is a hollow muscular organ which acts as a pump, located in the chest and lies left behind the sternum.’ Blood vessels also transport blood throughout the body’ (Wikipedia). There are 3 major types of vessels which will be discussed later in the assignment. The blood is a main component of the body. It is used to transport materials, act as a defence against disease, helps regulates temperature of the body and helps with blood clotting. The blood is made up of 4 elements: Plasma, Red blood cells-erythrocytes, White blood cells-Leucocytes and Platelets. Plasma makes up the main composition of blood with 55% volume. It contains 90-92% water and is slightly thick and is straw coloured fluid. Red blood cells-erythrocytes are made in the bone marrow of the ribs and sternum and are broken down in the spleen and liver. The main function is to carry oxygen. White blood cells-Leucocytes are larger than red blood cells. Their main function is to protect the body from certain infections. Platelets are formed in the red bone marrow. It has an important function in blood clotting. Blood vessels are comprised of 3 main units, arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Their structure is made up of a thick, stretchy muscular wall, they have a narrow central tube and they contain no valves. Arteries branch into smaller tubes called arterioles and then into capillaries. Their main function is to carry oxygenated blood. Veins carry blood towards the heart. Its structure is made up of thin walls with little muscle, they have a wide central tube and they also contain valves. Veins branch into venules and then into capillaries. Veins main function is to carry deoxygenated blood. Capillaries carry blood between arteries and veins. Their structure is of a thin wall with only one cell thick and a very natural central tube. Substances can only leave or enter the bloodstream through the capillaries. ‘They are mainly responsible for bringing necessary substances to the cells and draining waste materials away’ (Encyclopedia Britanica). There are 4 chambers, or open spaces inside the heart that fill with blood. Two of these are called the atria; the other two are called the ventricles. ‘The left ventricle contracts most forcefully, so you can best feel your heart pumping on the left side of your chest’ (www.fi.edu). The pathway of blood through the human heart consists of a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, entering through what is known as a superior vena cava and then into the right atrium which is then pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being pumped out through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs. It then returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium where it is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle before leaving through the aortic valve to the aorta. In conclusion this assignment has looked at the functions and structure of the circulatory system. It has also identified the diagram of the circulatory system.

Simulation And Result Of Scalar Control Engineering Essay

6.0 IntroductionThis chapter focuses on scalar control in three stage initiation motor public presentation, trying to happen the intrinsic advantages and disadvantages of the method. An probe is conducted, via instance survey, into the public presentation of initiation motor thrust using the scalar control method. As package bundle, Matlab Simulink has been used and the simulation consequences are presented to turn out the dynamic behaviour of this type of control method.6.1 Matlab and simulink.In the simulation of initiation machines utilizing Matlab and Simulink are first-class for numerical computation and informations visual image ; control applied scientists use them extensively for analysis design are many different tool chests available which extend the basic map of Matlab into different application countries ; for illustration, the Matlab tool chests, â€Å" control system † â€Å" model prognostic control † and â€Å" Robust control † supply methods for computing machine -aided control system design. The simulation bundle allows a broad scope of different constellations and theoretical accounts to be investigated quickly. The Simulink Matlab application is adopted because of its intrinsic integrating of vectorized system representation in block diagram signifier. Therefore, in this bundle, the package is used as an analytical for the graphical portraiture of the clip developments of signals combined with the simple realisation of the functionality of control and power electronic excitements.6.2 The initiation motor theoretical accountThe initiation motor theoretical account has to be taken into consideration, It is of import because it is related to the control of the initiation motor. The initiation motor is used because it has perfected of features of theoretically and by experimentation. It is driven in a figure of different mentions frame, so the purpose of the theoretical account is frequently expressed in an arbitrary two-axis go arounding mention frame. This makes it easy to command ; the interior decorator can mend the mention frame to a peculiar motor measure and adjust the theoretical account consequently. All electrical parts of the machine, the variables and parametric quantities, are viewed from the stator. This is all indicated by the major marks in the machine equations given below. All rotor and stator measures are in the arbitrary two-axis rotor mention frame ( dq frame ) . The inferiors used are defined as follows: vitamin D: A vitamin D axis measure Q: A A Q axis measure R: A A rotor measure s: A stator measure cubic decimeter: A A escape induction m: A common inductioniˆ? Electrical System( 6.1 )( 6.2 )( 6.3 )( 6.4 )Where,( 6.5 )( 6.6 )( 6.7 )( 8.8 )( 9.9 )( 6.10 )( 6.11 )iˆ? Mechanical System( 6.12 )( 6.13 )Asynchronous machine parametric quantities in the rotor mention frame are defined as follows: Rs, Lls stator opposition and escape induction R'r, L'lr Rotor opposition and escape induction Lumen Common induction Ls, L'r entire stator and rotor inductions Vqs, intelligence quotient Q axis stator electromotive force and current V'qr, i'qr Q axis rotor electromotive force and current Vds, Idahos vitamin D axis stator electromotive force and current V'dr, i'dr vitamin D axis rotor electromotive force and current stator Q and vitamin D axis fluxes rotor Q and vitamin D axis fluxes angular speed of the rotor P figure of pole braces electrical angular speed ( Wr * P ) Tellurium electromagnetic torsion Thulium shaft mechanical torsion rotor angular place Joule combined rotor and burden inactiveness Hydrogen combined rotor and burden inactiveness invariable F combined rotor and burden syrupy clash Table ( 6.1 ) -rotor mention frame definitions Where the inferior s corresponds to stator, r corresponds to rotor, d corresponds to direct axis, q corresponds to quadrature axis and L corresponds to leakage. Te represents torsion, while P is the figure of poles. The tantamount circuit is shown above.6.3 Reference frame.The mention frame is used to change over input electromotive force ( abc mention frame ) to the dq mention frame and besides used for change overing the end product currents dq mention frame to ( abc mention frame ) . A pick has to be made between the following mention frame transmutations: Synchronous. Stationary ( Clarke or ii transmutation ) . Rotor ( park transmutation ) . The pick of the mention frame wave forms affects all dq variables. It besides affects the velocity of the simulation and, in some instances, the truth of the consequences. The undermentioned guidelines are suggested: If the stator electromotive forces are non balanced or non connected and the rotor electromotive forces are balanced ( or 0 ) a stationary mention frame can be used. If the rotor electromotive forces are non balanced or non connected and the stator electromotive forces ; are balanced rotor mention frame can be used. If all the electromotive forces are connexions and balanced the stationary or synchronal mention frame can be used. The undermentioned relationships explain the rudiment to dq mention frame transmutations which apply to the initiation machine block ‘s input electromotive forces.( 6.14 )I n the old equations, I? is the angular place of the mention frame, while i = i? ± – i? ±r, and the difference between the place of the mention frame and the place ( electrical ) of the rotor. Because the machines twists are connected in a three-wire Y constellation. There is no sequence ( 0 ) constituent. It besides justifies the usage of two input electromotive force lines to the line in the signifier alternatively of three electromotive force lines to impersonal. The relationships that follow depict the dq-to rudiment mention frame transmutations applied to Asynchronous machine stage currents. ( 6.15 ) ( 6.16 ) ( 6.17 ) ( 6.18 ) In the tabular array below are shown values represented by andi . In each mention frame ( vitamin E is the location of the synchronously revolving mention frame. Mention Frame Rotor R 0 Stationary 0-rSynchronous vitamin E e – R Table ( 6.2 ) , value of and in each mention frame. ( Reference Matlab )6.4 Induction Motor Drives with Scalar ControlOne manner of understanding scalar control method is by utilizing instances survey with Matlab simulation. This portion of this chapter will concentrate and discus how this method performs. The simulation consequences will be analysed and compared subsequently on with vector control.6.4.1 Case surveyThe circuit shown below as the instance survey, an unfastened cringle scalar control method with PWM inverter is used to feed the stator through the control electromotive force supply. This inverter uses sinusoidal pulse-width transition ; hence, the base of frequence of the moving ridge ‘s frequence is set at 60 Hz and the triangular bearer wave ‘s frequence is set at 1980Hz. This corresponds to a frequence transition factor medium frequency of 33 ( 60 *33 = 1980 Hz ) . A three-phase initiation motor is connected to a changeless burden of nominal value 11.9Nm.In this circuit, a three stage initiation motor is b uilt. Blocks of the machines and power electronic Matlab libraries have been used and besides in this circuit all the parametric quantities are the same circuit of vector control because the research worker wished to do a comparing between this circuit diagram of scalar control and vector control. Furthermore, the machine is used it has the same parametric quantities of vector control and scalar control. Figure ( 6.2 ) unfastened cringle simulink block diagram theoretical account6.4.2 Construction of Electrical Model Induction Machine.Figure ( 6.3 ) shows block diagram the abc transmutation to dq of the initiation machine Figure ( 6.4 ) shows implement distinct trspezoidal integrating of machine equations in rotor, stationary or synchronal mention frame. Figure ( 6.5 ) shows block diagram of the dq transmutation to abc of the initiation machine6.4.3 Simulation parametric quantities:Choosing the ode23tb incorporating algorithm, set the comparative tolerance to 1e-3, the absolute tolerance and maximal measure size to car and the stop clip to 4s. So the scalar method simulation was carried out utilizing the motor parametric quantities as shown in the tabular array below. The tabular array shows the simulation parametric quantities for constellation of the circuit Fig ( 6.2 ) Start clip 0 Integrator type 0d23 Stop clip 4s Relative tolerance 1e-3 Relative tolerance car Maximal measure size car Initial measure size car Table ( 6.3 ) the simulation parametric quantities in the simulation parametric quantities instance survey. Power, electromotive force and frequence [ pn ( VA ) Vn ( Vrms ) , fn ( Hz ) ] [ 50*746, 460,60 ] Stator opposition and induction [ Rs ( ohm ) L1s ( H ) ] : [ 0.087 0.8e-3 ] Rotor opposition and induction [ Rr, ( ohm ) Llr, ( H ) ] : [ 0.228 0.8e-3 ] Common induction Lm ( H ) : [ 34.7e-3 ] : Inertia, clash factor and pole braces [ J ( Kg.m 2 ) F ( N.m.s ) p0 ] : [ 1.662 0.12 ] Initial conditions [ 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 ] Table ( 6.4 ) Asynchronous motor parametric quantities6.4.4 Simulation consequences:The thrust started from deadlock by stipulating 0 for all initial conditions of province variables in the Powergui interface. In this instance, the mention velocity was stepped from 120 to160 rad / s at t= 1 s and thrust variables velocity, torsion and current observed. Transeunt responses to get down the initiation motor thrust are shown below ; the first figure shows motor steady province torsion and velocity. Figure ( 6.6 ) the motor started and reached its steady province velocity of 120 rad/s ( 1800rpm ) at 1s ; at get downing, the magnitude of the 60 Hz current reached approximately 180 A, its peak current ( 127 rms ) , = = 127 Arms. Therefore, there was a high initiation motor get downing current, as was expected, because the motor has high power, whereas its steady province value was ( 20A ) and the Irms value about ( 14,14 rms ) . Besides, strong oscillations of the electromagnetic torsion at get downing were observed. On the torsion in steady province observation noisy signal with a average value of 11.9 Nm. In the three motor currents there was observed all the harmonics [ multiples of the 1980 Hz exchanging frequence ] which were filtered by the stator induction, so that the 60 Hz constituents were dominant. Sing the curves of the three stage initiation motor ( squirrel Cage ) , on get downing the motor without burden, the motor get downing currents, torsion and velocity can be observed on the range. At the terminal of simulation clip at ( 4s ) . , when the motor was reached steady province that is the torsion and velocity are changeless, So, Te – TL = 0, it was observed that the stator and rotor currents were rather ( noisy ) and the torsion and velocity had truly changeless value because the motor was non yet loaded so that is why the motor was on steady province. Figure ( 6.6 ) Simulation of the initiation motor without burden6.4.5 Get downing with burden.In the following simulation end product different simulations were used to happen out the result when the velocity is set-up at steady province at a certain clip. In this figure ( 6.7 ) , the rotor velocity started increasing from 0 to 120 rad/s, after this, the lessening velocity for short clip between 2 2nd and 2.5 second, so velocity decreased until steady province ( 100 rad/s ) , for the falling value of the velocity is 20 rad/s. Suddenly, alteration in the magnitude of the stator current resulted in transient before the torsion reached the steady province and besides alteration in the linkage of the rotor flux. The research worker could detect the motor currents were high and largely noisy get downing current and besides that the torsion starts additions from 2 seconds to 2.5 seconds and to increase until changeless value was reached ; at the same clip as cut downing velocity, the curre nt, nevertheless, was increased because the relationship between torsion and velocity are reciprocally related. Finally and clearly either the dynamic torsion control is really hapless and besides it has jobs with the transeunt response of the torsion or it is really hapless and can non be controlled by the torsion in the transient province. Figure ( 6.7 ) measure up torque response at 11.9N.m The undermentioned simulation of torsion 50N.m applied at least two seconds and a changeless velocity of 120 rad / s to see how this theoretical account of scalar controls responded to these alterations. This simulation shows the end product velocity started increasing from 0 to 120 rad / s, than at 2 seconds the velocity will be reduced to 90 rad / s, so that the torsion is applied to two seconds, so get down to cut down velocity ( a little ) at the same clip, torsion is increased until making a changeless value. The starting currents were high, up to 1.5 seconds, and so reduced until the steady province was reached at the same clip the torsion applied. Internist provinces torque and current were noisy and did non discontinue. However, the dynamic behavior of scalar control was non perfect, so in this it instance affected the public presentation of the initiation motor. Scalar control should be used at low velocity and variable velocity, for illustration as fans or pumps. Figure ( 6.8 ) simulation of the initiation motor thrust with step-up torsion Figure ( 6.9 ) shows simulation end product difference simulation status was used to happen out the result when the velocity is step up at the steady province at certain clip. At the one second the velocity starts to increase and the torsion besides increased but for short clip so the torsion starts to decreased until reached changeless value, besides this clip the velocity invariable. This means altering the velocity with the scalar control under the steady province status will be sensible. Figure ( 6.9 ) simulation of the initiation motor thrust with step-up velocity The dynamic public presentation of thrust ( public presentation relation to the velocity control mention alteration and burden torsion ) as Fig ( 6.10 ) can be studied by using two alterations in operating conditions of the thrust ; a measure alteration in velocity mention and measure alteration of the burden torsion. The torsion 50Nm was applied for 2 seconds and velocity of measure 140rad / s for 1 2nd, to see how these model scalar controls would react to these alterations. In this instance, it was observed the velocity dropped aggressively to one second, shortly, and so went up to 140 rad / s to 3.5 seconds. The electromagnetic torsion of the initiation motor was foremost variable in 0.6 seconds. After the torsion is little bead of one second when the rate was applied the torsion continuously went up to 90Nm in 3.5 seconds. In this instance, the increased velocity and torque addition were non the same as earlier. The chief job of current and torsion in 1 second is if the torsion all of a sudden drops and the current addition is more than the starting current, In this instance, the value of the burden and velocity control should be increased. Figure ( 6.10 ) simulation of the initiation motor thrust with step-up velocity and torsion. Figure ( 6.11 ) simulation of the initiation motor thrust with step-up velocity and torsion.6.5 Scalar control dissectionThe electromotive force applied to the motor must alter with frequence. The control method is really simple and easy to implement. Improves inactive public presentation of control system, but its transient capableness is non satisfactory. Accurate place control is non possible. Open cringle scalar control will be able to provide speed fluctuation ; it is non able to supply reliable control under transeunt conditions. Therefore, the scalar control is suited merely if the motor operates in steady province without velocity ordinance. Scalar control is used chiefly in applications where changeless torsion is required. Scalar control ever has hapless kineticss. Scalar control methods are used merely the magnitude and frequence ( V/Hz ) .

Compare and contrast the ways in which both writers deal with these themes Essay

Hardy and Hill both present the reader with female characters who are isolated and ostracized by society. Compare and contrast the ways in which both writers deal with these themes. Susan Hill and Thomas Hardy are clearly both interested in the role of women and their position in society. The female protagonists, in `I’m the King of the Castle and `The Withered Arm’, are insecure as they lack a man to provide them with social status and respect. As a consequence of their troubled pasts, they are rejected from society, and are both left vulnerable and desperate. Helena Kingshaw represents a certain class of women in post-war England, the setting for Susan Hill’s novel, who found themselves lacking the emotional and financial support of a man. The superstition in those days left these genteel, unskilled women in a shameful position. Society rejected those spurned by men and many became objects of gossip of a malicious nature. Similar nonsensical teachings in Victor ian times, the setting for `The Withered Arm’, also left abandoned women, such as Rhoda Brook, viewed as social outcasts. Thomas Hardy is clearly sympathetic to such women, especially those reaching the stages of their lives where he suggests, through a careful adjective selection â€Å"worn†, they may be becoming desperate for a husband. He seems to consider them as isolated victims of the stereotypical image of women as a possession, classed by looks and fortune, and his novel exposes the hypocrisy in society. The isolation of the female protagonists is immediately obvious in their places of residence. Warings is â€Å"some distance away from any other house† and Brook lives in â€Å"a lonely spot high above the water meads†. Also, references to their past hint at their isolated feelings, â€Å"Tis hard for she†, and this is confirmed in how they act around others. Brook’s way of coping is to silently work â€Å"somewhat apart from the rest.† Conversely, Kingshaw tends to babble and desperately try to please others and make a new start in life. Hill’s language choices for Mrs. Kingshaw’s affected speeches reflect her desperation to belong to a certain class. This is the opposite of Brook, who would rather survive without pity and stay in isolation. Neither woman ever admits that it is isolation and loneliness which make them act as they do, for example, their unusual attitudes towards their sons. Kingshaw practises superficial mothering gestures, â€Å"she always wanted to lean over him†¦,† whereas Brooks’ life is completely lacking in affection towards anyone, until she meets Gertrude Lodge. However, at least then it is genuine, unlike Kingshaw’s desperate attempts to `do things by the book,’ without actually meaning any of it. She just wants to be satisfied that she has all she can get, while Brook is more accepting of her fate. Brook is however similar to Kingshaw, in that she is extremely self-absorbed; she asks her son to discover, â€Å"if she’s tall, tall as I,† and was, â€Å"not observing that he was cutting a notch†¦in the chair.† This could be compared to how Kingshaw never realises the trauma Edmund Hooper puts her son through, as again she is not observant enough. In spite of the women’s preoccupation, both children are very accepting and obedient to their mothers. The more archaic language of Hardy’s novel makes it easier for us to identify with Rhoda’s concerns which seem, especially to the modern reader, to be over small things, such as how â€Å"ladylike† a woman is, and this again promotes the roles of women in both societies. In `I’m the King of the Castle’ it is frowned upon for a woman, with the status of housekeeper, to wear make-up and dress up. As in `The Withered Arm’ this is because a woman’s dress sense reflected their position in society. We see how the Farmer Lodge’s pretty wife’s wealth gives her the right to wear, â€Å"a silver coloured gown†. On the other hand, the affect a woman’s appearance on the male protagonists of each novel is different in that Hooper’s opinion of her looks seems relatively insignificant to how he had been â€Å"impressed by the graceful letters of Mrs. Helena Kingshaw.† Whereas, Gertrude was worried about her disfigurement because in `The Withered Arm’, â€Å"men think so much of personal appearance.† Both writers also convey to the reader how lack of status generates a fear within the women to change from their set principles. We notice this in Kingshaw’s displays of stereotypical motherly affection and more subtly in Brook, through her indignancy when her son suggests she goes to see her successor; â€Å"I, go to see her!† The two women are forced into these ways of dealing with their isolation by their shared insecurity. Their two different ways of coping both have their drawbacks: Kingshaw is so busy trying a good impression and secure her future with Kingshaw that she cannot form a proper relationship with her son. Brook is so busy ignoring her past and avoiding her problems that she bottles up her bitterness, again destroying a relationship, with her friend, Gertrude Lodge. Eventually, their sad positions lead both women to make a â€Å"last, desperate effort† to conquer the things on their minds, but in both cases it results in another’s unhappiness. For Kingshaw, achieving a life with Mr. Hooper lead to her son’s suicide. For Brook, trying to overpower the â€Å"confronting spectre† in her dream lead to disfigurement of her only friend. This also shows how, like Kingshaw, her isolation makes her romanticise things and let her imagination get carried away. However, where Brook gets upset by guilt of what she brings upon others, â€Å"I hope your arm is well again ma’am?†, Kingshaw is portrayed as a much shallower character and never notices her effect on others. Instead, she romanticises things such as her relationship with Mr. Hooper; â€Å"He likes me.† Effective grouping of words, such as the description of Brook being held to Gertrude Lodge by a â€Å"gruesome fascination† also show the obsessive behaviour of the female characters, due to the amount of time they spend alone, thinking. Kingshaw is obsessed with determination to believe that her â€Å"life is changing, everything is turning out for the best.† In contrast the simple platitudes of her speech, Hardy writes in long, complex sentences, allowing us to see the depth of Brook’s worried fixations. Through these obsessions, there is an underlying fear for both women that they will lose the person in their lives who means something to them, and could save them from complete ostracization. This adds a sense of dread to both novels, and pathetic fallacy reflects this darkness in the hostile environments surrounding them; â€Å"the wind howled dismally over the heath.† Hardy is able to convince us of Brook’s isolation through her introspective t houghts and memories. However, the limited capacity of Mrs. Kingshaw to think and understand leaves even her speech artificial. So Hill uses `flashback’, interspersed with the episodic narrative to emphasise Kingshaw’s troubled past, showing us how her life has been shaped and influenced, convincing us of her isolation. Also, being a rather claustrophobic text, we given an increasing fear of unavoidable disaster in `I’m the King of the Castle’, as all the action takes place over a ten-month period. On the other hand, ‘The Withered Arm’ is set over a much longer period of time and informs the reader of ill-feeling towards Rhoda from outside the immediate circle of protagonists. Through these very different structures, Hardy and Hill both create an increasing sense of doom for the two female protagonists. The absence of love in both characters’ lives undermines their confidence and relationships, resulting in isolation. Warings reinforces the theme of isolation as it is completely set apart from events in the normal world and, as in `The Withered Arm’, the accumulation of hostile imagery of the surrounding countryside further emphasises their loneliness and vulnerability. In both novels the main requirement of women was dynasties, so those rejected by men were despised and ostracized from society. This put both Brook and Kingshaw lacking status and in a very pitiable position. Nevertheless, due to the way the two writers deal with the themes of isolation and ostracization of the female protagonists, as a reader I never felt for Kingshaw quite the sympathy I did for Brook. As Hill presents Helena Kingshaw as so shallow a character, we feel so much anger at her dismissive attitude to her son that it is almost as though she deserves anything. By contrast, Hardy deliberately presents Rhoda Brook, â€Å"her red eyes weeping†, as a more pitiful character who seems much more the victim of her bad luck.

A suitable marketing plan for a football club Coursework

A suitable marketing plan for a football club - Coursework Example The article takes a deeper look at the football club of Hapoel Petach Tikva that was founded in the year 1935 in the town of Petach Tikva in Israel. During the phase of 1950s and 1960s, the football club won various noteworthy championships such as Israeli Championships and State Cup and the period was considered as the most flourishing phase of success for them. The home ground of Hapoel Petach Tikva is HaMoshava Stadium which was recently opened at the end of 2011 replacing Petach Tikva Muncipal Stadium as the home ground of the football team. The recently built stadium i.e. HaMoshava Stadium which the club has started to use from this season is possessed by the city authorities of Petach Tikva and not by the club itself. The capacity for the attendances of HaMoshava Stadium is 12500. During the phase of 1950s and 1960s, football became the most renowned local sport in Israel. There lie certain basic features that dominated football in Israel after the establishment of the state in the year 1948. The basic features that dominated football in Israel were both political and nationalistic. The local sport of Israel i.e. football fell under the sponsorships of three political centres or federations such as Hapo’el, Maccabi and Beitar. The influences of these federations were noteworthy towards the local football clubs. The Israeli Football Association (IFA) controlled and monitored the beautiful game of soccer through these federations. The concept of sports marketing comprises certain activities that are mainly designed to meet with various requirements of the sports consumers. In order to comply with the various requirements of the sports consumers broadly concerning the sport spectators, an effective marketing plan is very much necessary for any sports organisation or any sporting club (Morgan & Summers, 2005). The report aims to deliver an adequate marketing plan for Hapoel Petach Tikva in order to raise their number of attendances to a significant lev el. Moreover, the marketing plan also includes certain marketing strategies for its successful execution. In the report, there are several areas where the marketing plan intends to focus upon. The several areas include the evaluation of the market environment, attendance purposes, complete analysis of the market segments, recognising target markets and different implications of marketing mix strategies. An Assessment of the Market Environment of Hapoel Petach Tik

Prisons in the united states Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prisons in the united states - Research Paper Example Furthermore, new policies on combating drug trafficking have contributed to the rise in incarceration rates significantly. Similarly, the public demand tougher actions from the criminal justice system. There is overrepresentation of people of color in American criminal justice system (parole, jail, probation). According to Clear, Cole & Reisig (2008, p.471), â€Å"African American men are imprisoned in United States at a rate more than three times higher than white males.† In addition, male population under the criminal justice system is higher than female population. The prison system in the US, especially in relation to mass imprisonment has led to collapse of the family units, as parents get imprisoned leaving behind their children. Indeed, the number of single parent householders has increased due to incarceration. Thus, this paper will compare the rate of incarceration in America and other countries, explore the factors contributing to mass imprisonment, significance of g ender and race in criminal justice system, and addresses cultural implication of mass imprisonment, conditions of confinement and what we can learn about the American society from the way it treats its prisoners. Describe the rate of incarceration in the U.S. ... According to Conrad (2005, p. 223), â€Å"the rate of incarceration for the United States is 702 for every 100,000 American citizens, the highest rates in the World.† Indeed, the rate of incarceration in the United States is 5-6 times more than other industrialized countries (Mauer, 2003, p.3). The graph below illustrates the incarceration rates in US in comparison with other countries. Source: Mauer, M., (2003). Comparative International Rates of Incarceration: An Examination of Causes and Trends. http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/inc_comparative_intl.pdf Besides, America reports more cases of violent crimes than other industrialized countries. Why does the United States lead other industrialized nations in mass imprisonment? The United States leads other industrialized nations in mass incarceration level due to high numbers of violent crimes, porous borders with Mexico, which inflates drugs trafficking, racial turmoil, criminal justice policies, and degradati on of social safety net. In addition, the criminal justice system incarcerates more minor offenders than other nations. Essentially, a large percentage of incarcerated person in the US are put behind due to drug and substance trafficking. Other countries do not impose stringent laws prohibiting drugs trafficking; hence, they have fewer inmates on trafficking grounds. Thus, the America’s measure to combat drug trafficking has led to more incarcerated persons serving longer sentences. Similarly, there is a higher rate of violent crimes related to drugs cartels in America in comparison with other countries. The US criminal justice system is also influenced by democracy; primarily, courts judges, prosecutors are elected, and hence they are subject to public

NHK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

NHK - Essay Example World Radio Japan broadcasts some of its programs on the internet. 1926 was the year when NHK was founded. Krauss states that NHK was modeled on the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) radio company of Britain (6). NHK evolved from the merger of the three local broadcasting corporations. This merger and reorganization was carried out under the backing of Japans’ ministry of communications. In 1931, NHK started the second radio network. This was followed by the establishment of a shortwave radio service, Radio Japan, for its overseas listeners. The Imperial Japanese army took control of all public news organizations in 1941 and harmonized their efforts through the information liaison confidential committee. All published and transmitted news reports duration of world war two became official broadcast of the Imperial army general headquarters. The headquarters was in Tokyo. NHK broadcasted the famous Tokyo rose wartime programs. After the war in 1950, three radio regulations were enacted including the broadcast law. Under this law, NHK started afresh as a unique corporation to be supported by its viewers. In 1950, NHK started general television followed by educational television in 1959 (Foreign Press Center 22). NHK aired its initial color television transmission in 1960. In the 1982, NHK started NHK BS television broadcasts and followed with NHK world television in 1995. The year 2000 saw NHK start satellite digital television transmissions. This was followed by in 2003 by terrestrial digital television transmissions for three megacity areas, with plans to cover almost the whole nation by 2011. NHK BS Hi-Vision analog television was stopped in 2007. NHK world television became free-to-air over the Astra in Europe at the end of 2008. Currently, NHK operates fifty four stations across the nation and has correspondents in twenty eight locations around the globe. A certain amount of money is usually paid by viewers in Japan to

The Marketplace of The American Revolution Essay

The Marketplace of The American Revolution - Essay Example Thus, to be able to understand the nature of the American Revolution, one has to delve deeper into the actual effects of the revolution, rather than merely concentrating on the manner in which it occurred. This is because; a radical revolution is bound to cause far-reaching social, political, economic and governance changes. It is the levels of change that were registered in these contexts that would quality to term the American Revolution as either radical or otherwise1. To create full understanding of the nature of the revolution, one also needs to delve into the pre-existing conditions and ideologies at the time, and how such conditions compare with the period after the revolution. In so doing, an individual is able to trace the changes that occurred in various aspects, and thus manage to clearly understand the nature of the revolution that occurred, as either radical or otherwise2. Considering the words of Breen, in his book; Marketplace of Revolution, where he observes that â₠¬Å"customary markets had suddenly become dangerously politicized2†, there is no doubt therefore, that the American Revolution was radical. Therefore, this discussion argues that the American Revolution was radical. The revolution was a function of both the colonists and the indigenous Americans, who perceived the rule of Britain as oppressive and demeaning. The dissatisfaction started with the acts of the British government to demand taxes from the Americans, both the indigenous and colonists, which prompted them to perceive the action as an aspect of economic oppression, and thus started to rebel against the payment of such taxes3. The rebellion did not just occur silently, but involved the active mobilization of people to resist the call to pay up such taxes. The active resistance was done without the fear of dangerous repercussions that the colonists could face. They engaged in active resistance, where â€Å"they challenged traditional authority and risked their lives†2. The economic conditions that the British government had established did not favor the colonists, since they could not reap good rewards from the labor that they were applying in their farms. The introduction of economic conditions such as the stamp tax had completely changed the relationship between the Great Britain and the American colonies, prompting a high resistance from the American colonists. In fact, â€Å"No one had planned such a dramatic shift in political perspective†3. The produce of their farms were bought at lower prices, which did not grant them any satisfaction. It is against this background that the colonists engaged in active resistance of the rules and the economic terms that were established by the British government, since, â€Å"white Americans believed that they had in some measures, been wronged by economic practices that paid them less than they thought they deserved for their labor or crops†4. Therefore, the ordinary American colonists p articipated in the revolution through resisting the traditional authorities and the economic terms such as salaries for their labor, and prices for their farm products, which were established by the British government in the colonies. However, it is not all of the American colonists that supported the revolution. There were some â€Å"Loyalists-those who retained their allegiance to the crown†, who perceived the revolution and its aftermath as a loss of liberty6. However, many of such loyalists